The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on the chromosomal basis of inheritance, focusing on genetics, sex determination, and related processes.

Chromosome

A structure that contains DNA and genes, located in the nucleus of cells.

Gene

A specific sequence of DNA that codes for a protein or trait.

Sex Chromosome

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism, such as X and Y in humans.

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.

X-linked Trait

A genetic trait that is associated with a gene located on the X chromosome.

Y-linked Trait

A genetic trait associated with a gene located on the Y chromosome.

XX/XY System

The sex determination system in humans, where females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome.

SRY Gene

A gene located on the Y chromosome responsible for the development of male gonads (testes).

Hemizygous

Having only one allele for a gene, as in males for genes on the X chromosome.

X Inactivation

A process in female mammals where one of the two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated during development.

Mosaicism

The presence of two or more genetically different cell lines within an individual, often due to X inactivation.

Color Blindness

An X-linked recessive condition where an individual has difficulty distinguishing colors.

Gametes

Reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) that carry genetic information.

Diploid

Cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

Cells that contain a single set of chromosomes, such as gametes.

Locus

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

Autosomal Trait

A trait determined by genes located on non-sex chromosomes.