Egyptian-Architecture Reviewer

Egyptian Architecture

Architecture that developed in Egypt from 5000 BC to 1 AD, characterized by monumental structures like pyramids and temples.

Pyramids

Massive funerary structures built primarily during the Old and Middle Kingdoms, designed to house the remains of pharaohs.

Obelisk

A tall, four-sided pillar, tapering towards a pyramidal top, often inscribed with hieroglyphics, symbolizing the sun god.

Mastaba

A flat-roofed, rectangular tomb with sloping sides, serving as a precursor to the pyramid.

Hieroglyphs

The formal writing system used in ancient Egypt, combining logographic and alphabetic elements.

Clerestory lighting

A design feature allowing light to enter a building via raised sections of the roof, used prominently in Egyptian temples.

Hypostyle hall

A large hall with a roof supported by columns, often used in temples to create a grand interior space.

Pharaoh

The title for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, seen as gods on earth whom commanded power over the country.

The Great Sphinx

A monumental statue with the body of a lion and the head of a man, representing a pharaoh and symbolizing strength and wisdom.

The Nile River

The major river in Egypt, crucial for agriculture, communication, and transportation, shaping the country's civilization.

Tombs of the Kings

Royal tombs cut into rock, typically located in the Valley of the Kings, where pharaohs were buried.

Amun-Re

The chief deity in Egyptian mythology, often associated with the sun and creation.

Cult Temple

Temples built primarily for the worship of gods and goddesses in ancient Egypt.

Mortuary Temple

Temples constructed to honor and provide for the deceased pharaohs.

Rameses II

One of Egypt's most powerful pharaohs, known for extensive building projects and military conquests.

Papyrus Columns

Columns in Egyptian architecture resembling the papyrus plant, often used as a decorative element in temples.

Cleopatra's Needle

An ancient Egyptian obelisk that was relocated to London from Heliopolis, inscribed with hieroglyphics.

Rock-hewn tomb

Tombs that were carved directly into rock, typically for nobility, reflecting their status.

Social and Political Influence

Factors including labor, governance, and social hierarchy that shaped the construction and style of ancient Egyptian architecture.

Geological Influence

The use of locally sourced materials like limestone and sandstone in the construction of monuments and temples in ancient Egypt.

Sphinxes

Mythical creatures with a lion's body and human or animal heads, significant in Egyptian culture and architecture.