Social development

Authoritative parenting

 firm control in the context of a warm and supportive relationship, the most positive outcomes for children

Authoritarian parenting

firm control in the context of a cold and demanding relationship, children tend to be anxious, easily upset and low self confidence

Permissive parenting

low levels of control in the presence of a warm and supportive relationship, children tend to be immature and disobedient

Uninvolved parenting

low level of control and warmth, most negative outcome

Single child

high self esteem, achievement motivation but lower conflict resolution often leads to peer problems

Single parent families

 in general, children form single parent families show poorer outcome than children with two parents

Community factor

 a majority of abusive parents are isolated from a formal and informal support network

Friendship

 emotional tie between two people that endures over time and is marked by a desire to spend time with one another, give and take and share positive emotions

Thinking about friendship

• 4 to 7 - handy playmate, does not have the quality of long term enduring, dissolve under disagreement 

• 8 to 10 - as a mutual trust, it becomes a defining feature 

• 11 to 15 - intimacy, mutual understanding and loyalty, formed over time and have deeper features

Prosocial popular children

combine academic and social competence

Antisocial popular children

 include tough boys/girls, relationally aggressive children

Rejected children

display a wide range of negative social behaviors, can be aggressive or withdrawn

Controversial children

are both hostile and disruptive but also positive and prosocial

Neglected children

 usually well adjusted but shy