biotech genetic engineering review

insulin

the name of the protein that binds to receptors on cells & opens channels for glucose to enter cells

type 2 diabetes

disease characterized by mishaped insulin production

type 1 dietbetes

disease characterized by no production of insulin

HIC chromatography

process that uses hydrophobic resin to separate proteins from each other

binding

happens to proteins with high salt concentration buffer is added to them & they’re added to a HIC column

wash

happens to proteins when a medium salt concentration buffer is added to them & they’re added to a HIC column

elution

happens to proteins when a low salt concentration buffer is added to them & they’re added to a HIC column

promoters

switches on DNA

RNA polymerase

name of the enzyme that transcribes DNA

plasmids

circles of DNA found in bacteria

ampicillin resistance

trait that allows bacteria to grow in the presence of ampicillin

ampicillin

antibiotic used to select for specific bacteria on a plate

recombinant DNA

made when pieces of DNA from different sources are ligated together

purification

general process that separates proteins from one another

competent cells

made when cells are put in a solution to change their charge & prepare them for transformation

competent cells

cells put in a solution to change their charge and prepare them for transformation

transformation

method used to move genes from one organism to another

arabinose

sugar used to bind to the araC that will ultimately bind to RNA polymerase & begin transcription

the color of bacteria when the LacZ gene is functional

blue

proteins within the cell that will help “fix” the cut/edited DNA

repair machinery

molecules that tells the Cas9 enzyme where to cut the DNA

guide RNA

enzyme used in CRISPR to cut DNA

Cas9

the color of bacteria when the LacZ gene is non functional

white

the segment of DNA that produces the blue protein

LacZ gene

small circles of DNA contained in bacteria

plasmid

molecule within e.coli growth media that “turns on” the repair machinery genes

arabinose

solution that neutralizes the negatively charged cell surface & DNA si they don’t repel each other

Ca 2+

molecule used to repair the gene that CRISPR has edited

donor DNA