atomic structures vocab

Protons

positive subatomic particle with mass of 1 amu in the nucleus; number of protons is equal to the atomic number for an element and determines the identity of the element

Neutrons

neutral, mass of 1 amu, in nucleus; number of neutrons= mass - protons

Electrons

negative, no mass, outside nucleus in energy levels; in a neutral atom number of electrons is same as number of protons; number electrons=protons - charge

Nucleus

contains all the mass of the atom; positive charge since has protons and neutrons only

Charge of isotope or ion=

protons - electrons

average atomic mass-

calculated from the mass of isotopes multiplied by their percent abundance, add them all together and divide by 100 

Thomson

Plum Pudding Model- negative electrons dispersed throughout the solid sphere

Rutherford

discovered the positive nucleus using the Gold Foil experiment, his model is mostly empty space with a positive core; this was the first model to have a nucleus

Bohr

electrons orbit the nucleus in circular pathways; this nucleus has protons and neutrons

Isotope

same element with different masses so it has different numbers of neutrons

isotope notation

is the name of the element-mass

nuclear notation

is the element symbol with the mass as the superscript in front and the atomic number as the subscript in front, charge as superscript behind the element symbol