A and P Final Exam Ch 12

Brainstem receives input from

Cerebral cortex, limbic system, sensory stimuli

Dura

Mostly fused, creating single inelastic membrane except regions where cavities are (dural sinuses)

Arachnoid trabaculae

Collagen fibers and fibroblasts, anchor arachnoid to deep pia mater

Pia mater

The deepest meningeal layer, allows for substances to move between fluid compartments

Cerebrospinal fluid

Clear, colorless liquid; similar in composition to blood plasma; protects the brain by cushioning and maintaining a constant temperature within the cranial cavity; removes waste and increases the resilience of the brain; keeps brain from collapsing under its weight

Special senses

Vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, taste

General senses

Somatic and visceral senses

Primary motor cortex

Plans and executes movement

Primary sensory cortices

First regions to receive and process sensory input

Association areas

Integrate different types of information

Unimodal areas

Integrate one specific type of information

Multimodal areas

Integrate information from multiple different sources; carry out many higher mental functions

Broca’s area function

Production of speech

Wernicke’s area function

Comprehension of speech

Stroke definition

Disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain

Why does a stroke occur

A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts; when this occurs part of the brain cannot get the blood it needs ad brain cells begin to die

Ischemic stroke

Clot obstructing the flow of blood to the brain

Hemorrhagic stroke

Blood vessel rupturing and preventing blood flow to the brain

Stroke treatments

Medicine called tissue plasminogen activator breaks up the clots and flows the blood back to the brain. Injhected into the arm and must be given within three hours from the start of the stroke