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Brainstem receives input from
Cerebral cortex, limbic system, sensory stimuli
Dura
Mostly fused, creating single inelastic membrane except regions where cavities are (dural sinuses)
Arachnoid trabaculae
Collagen fibers and fibroblasts, anchor arachnoid to deep pia mater
Pia mater
The deepest meningeal layer, allows for substances to move between fluid compartments
Cerebrospinal fluid
Clear, colorless liquid; similar in composition to blood plasma; protects the brain by cushioning and maintaining a constant temperature within the cranial cavity; removes waste and increases the resilience of the brain; keeps brain from collapsing under its weight
Special senses
Vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, taste
General senses
Somatic and visceral senses
Primary motor cortex
Plans and executes movement
Primary sensory cortices
First regions to receive and process sensory input
Association areas
Integrate different types of information
Unimodal areas
Integrate one specific type of information
Multimodal areas
Integrate information from multiple different sources; carry out many higher mental functions
Broca’s area function
Production of speech
Wernicke’s area function
Comprehension of speech
Stroke definition
Disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain
Why does a stroke occur
A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts; when this occurs part of the brain cannot get the blood it needs ad brain cells begin to die
Ischemic stroke
Clot obstructing the flow of blood to the brain
Hemorrhagic stroke
Blood vessel rupturing and preventing blood flow to the brain
Stroke treatments
Medicine called tissue plasminogen activator breaks up the clots and flows the blood back to the brain. Injhected into the arm and must be given within three hours from the start of the stroke