Things I did not know yet option

Name of bacteria that causes peptic ulcer disease

Helicobacter pylori

What are hepatocytes responsible

Everything in liver (e.g. detoxification, storage, production of bile, production of plasma proteins, nutrient storage)

How is bile formed

1. From bilirubin that is released when haemoglobin is broken down into heme and globin.
2. Heme is then broken down into iron and bilirubin.
3. When cholesterol is broken down it forms bile salts
4. Bile salts combined with bilirubin in the liver forms bile

Different word for micelles

vesicle

Emphysema

When alveoli break down and hence reduce surface area of the alveoli. There is also loss of elasticity.

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Can be treated by supplemental oxygen

What is iodine responsible for

Synthesize by thyroid to create thyroxin

Cholera

*V. cholerae* releases a toxin that binds to ganglioside receptors on the surface of intestinal epithelium cells

* This toxin is absorbed by endocytosis and triggers the production of cyclic AMP (a second messenger) within the cell
* Cyclic AMP (cAMP) activates specific ion channels within the cell membrane, causing an efflux of ions from the cell
* The build up of ions in the intestinal lumen draws water from cells and tissues via osmosis – causing acute diarrhoea
* As water is removed, dehydration will occur if left untreated.