Chem 108 Chapter 16

Proteins (when things go wrong)

• Sometimes things go wrong after protein folds

• prion disease

• spongiform encephalopathy

amino acids composed of

carboxylic acid and amine with an alpha carbon

amino acids are classified based on the

side chain

hydrophobic (nonpolar) means

not attracted to water

hydrophilic (polar)

• polar neutral

• carboxylic chains are acidic

  • amine are basic

  • water loving

essential amino acids are

those that cells that cant be produced and obtained by diet

Primary amino acids in collagen

Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline

quaternary structures

• protein formed when two or more polypeptides

globular proteins

• compact shape

  • most water soluble are globular

fibrous

• long narrow water insoluble proteins (ex.hair)

membrane

• proteins anchored in membranes

the reactant in a biochemical reaction is known as

substrate

enyzmes

• protein or molecule that helps biological reaction

active site

enzyme with the specific shape and chemical makeup to bind a substrate

substrate

reactant in an enzyme catalyzed reaction

specificity

-binding a specific substrate, reaction or type of reaction

cofactor

• nonprotein part of an enzyme that is essential to catalytic activity

coenzyme

• acts as an enzyme cofactor

competitive inhibitors

• blocks active site but not react (reversible)

Positive Effectors

• increase enzyme ability to bind substrate

negative effectors

• noncompetitive inhibitors decrease in activity of binding in active site by blocking it

denaturation

• total loss of quaternary, tertiary, secondary structures

• loss of activity

• causes