HARDY-WEINBERG

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem and population genetics.

Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

A principle that allows calculation of genotype frequencies from allele frequencies and vice versa.

Allele Frequencies

The relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population.

Homozygous Dominant

Genotype represented by p²; an individual carrying two dominant alleles.

Heterozygous

Genotype represented by 2pq; an individual carrying one dominant and one recessive allele.

Homozygous Recessive

Genotype represented by q²; an individual carrying two recessive alleles.

p + q = 1

An equation representing the basic relationship of allele frequencies in a population.

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

An equation representing the genotype frequencies in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Population Genetics

The study of the distribution of alleles within populations and the mechanisms that cause them to change.

Assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

The population is infinitely large, no migration, no mutation, and no selection.

Heterozygous Advantage

A situation where heterozygous individuals have a higher fitness than homozygous individuals, such as AS individuals being malaria resistant.

Null Model

A model used to measure if evolution has occurred, based on the expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Codominance

A genetic scenario where both alleles express equally in the phenotype.