Studied by 11 people
Tertiary or advanced sewage treatment
Special filtering processes and bleaching, chlorination
Peter Montague
environmental scientist
Developed countries
Bottom-up political pressure to pass laws
Developing countries
Little has been done to reduce water pollution
Water pollution
Change in water quality that can harm organisms or make water unfit for human uses
Nonpoint sources
Broad, diffuse areas. they are hard to identify and control as well as expensive to clean
Point sources
Located at specific places. Easy to identify, monitor, and regulate
Infectious disease organisms
contaminated drinking water
Typhoid fever
diarrhea, severe vomiting, enlarged spleen, inflamed intestine; often fatal if untreated
Chlorea
diarrhea, severe vomiting, dehydration; often fatal if untreated
Bacterial dysentery
diarrhea, bleeding; rarely fatal except in infants without proper treatment
Enteritis
severe stomach pain, nausea, vomiting; rarely fatal
Infectious hepatitis (type B)
Fever, severe headache, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, jaundice, enlarged liver; rarely fatal but may cause permanent liver damage
Poliomyelitis
Fever diarrhea, backache, sore throat, aches in limbs; can infect the spinal cord and cause paralysis and muscle weakness
Amoebic dysentery
Severe diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain, chills, fever; if not treated can cause a liver abscess, bowel perforation, and death
Giardiasis
Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, flatulence, belching, fatigue
Cryptosporidium
Severe diarrhea, cramps for up to 3 weeks, and possible death for people with weakened immune systems
Schistosomiasis
Abdominal pain, skin rash, anemia, chronic fatigue, and chronic general ill health
Ancylostomiasis
Severe anemia and possible symptoms of bronchial infection
Stratified layers
Little vertical mixing
Eutrophication
Natural enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow-moving stream. Caused by runoff into the lake that contains nitrates and phosphates
Oligotrophic lake
Low nutrients, clear water
Cultural eutrophication
Nitrates and phosphates from human sources. Farms, feedlots, streets, parking lots. Fertilized lawns, mining sites, sewage plants
PUR
chlorine and iron sulfate powder
1974 U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act
Sets maximum contaminant levels for any pollutants that affect human health
Health scientists
strengthen the law
Water-polluting companies
weaken the law
Crude and refined petroleum
Highly disruptive pollutants
The largest source of ocean oil pollution
Urban and industrial runoff from land
1989
Exxon Valdez, oil tanker
2010
BP explosion in the Gulf of Mexico
Volatile organic hydrocarbons
Kill many aquatic organisms
Primary sewage treatment
Physical process
Secondary sewage treatment
Biological process with bacteria
Tertiary or advanced sewage treatment
Special filtering processes and bleaching, chlorination
Peter Montague
environmental scientist
Note 
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