Chapter 20: Water Pollution
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36 Terms
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Tertiary or advanced sewage treatment
Special filtering processes and bleaching, chlorination
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Peter Montague
environmental scientist
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Developed countries
Bottom-up political pressure to pass laws
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Developing countries
Little has been done to reduce water pollution
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Water pollution
Change in water quality that can harm organisms or make water unfit for human uses
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Nonpoint sources
Broad, diffuse areas. they are hard to identify and control as well as expensive to clean
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Point sources
Located at specific places. Easy to identify, monitor, and regulate
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Infectious disease organisms
contaminated drinking water
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Typhoid fever
diarrhea, severe vomiting, enlarged spleen, inflamed intestine; often fatal if untreated
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Chlorea
diarrhea, severe vomiting, dehydration; often fatal if untreated
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Bacterial dysentery
diarrhea, bleeding; rarely fatal except in infants without proper treatment
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Enteritis
severe stomach pain, nausea, vomiting; rarely fatal
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Infectious hepatitis (type B)
Fever, severe headache, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, jaundice, enlarged liver; rarely fatal but may cause permanent liver damage
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Poliomyelitis
Fever diarrhea, backache, sore throat, aches in limbs; can infect the spinal cord and cause paralysis and muscle weakness
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Amoebic dysentery
Severe diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain, chills, fever; if not treated can cause a liver abscess, bowel perforation, and death
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Giardiasis
Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, flatulence, belching, fatigue
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Cryptosporidium
Severe diarrhea, cramps for up to 3 weeks, and possible death for people with weakened immune systems
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Schistosomiasis
Abdominal pain, skin rash, anemia, chronic fatigue, and chronic general ill health
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Ancylostomiasis
Severe anemia and possible symptoms of bronchial infection
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Stratified layers
Little vertical mixing
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Eutrophication
Natural enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow-moving stream. Caused by runoff into the lake that contains nitrates and phosphates
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Oligotrophic lake
Low nutrients, clear water
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Cultural eutrophication
Nitrates and phosphates from human sources. Farms, feedlots, streets, parking lots. Fertilized lawns, mining sites, sewage plants
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PUR
chlorine and iron sulfate powder
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1974 U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act
Sets maximum contaminant levels for any pollutants that affect human health
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Health scientists
strengthen the law
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Water-polluting companies
weaken the law
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Crude and refined petroleum
Highly disruptive pollutants
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The largest source of ocean oil pollution
Urban and industrial runoff from land
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1989
Exxon Valdez, oil tanker
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2010
BP explosion in the Gulf of Mexico
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Volatile organic hydrocarbons
Kill many aquatic organisms
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Primary sewage treatment
Physical process
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Secondary sewage treatment
Biological process with bacteria
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Tertiary or advanced sewage treatment
Special filtering processes and bleaching, chlorination
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Peter Montague
environmental scientist
