2,3 Organic & Inorganic Chemistry

Study.com College Biology 101

Monosaccharide

This term refers to sugars that exist as single units.

Trisaccharide

This large sugar would contain three smaller monosaccharides.

Heterotroph

This term refers to organisms that must eat other organisms in order to gain sustenance. All living creatures excepting plants and some algae are this type of organism.

Hypertonic Solution

A kind of solution that is defined against another solution. This solution will have a higher concentration of a specific solution than another solution.

Electron

This subatomic particle has a negative charge and very little mass.

Organic Chemistry

In the past, this branch of chemistry focused on studying molecules that were found in things that were alive or had once been alive. Now it focuses on any molecule containing carbon.

Atoms

The basic unit of matter that makes up everything around us. This unit contains three smaller particles that it can be divided into: protons, electrons and neutrons.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that holds more solute than should be held by a saturated solution.

Unsatured Solution

This term refers to any solution that can hold more of a particular solute.

Protein

A kind of biological molecule formed from amino acids. These molecules use peptide bonds to stay together. Examples can include insulin, transcription factors and hemoglobin.

Cellulose

This is also known as dietary fiber and it is basically the structural material we find within plants. Humans cannot digest this carbohydrate.

Starch

A carbohydrate in the form of complex sugars that humans can digest, though it may take a while. It provides a significant amount of energy for humans.

Lipids

These biological molecules are not water soluble and come in two categories, glycerol and steroids. As a steroid, this molecule can carry chemical messages.

Saturated Solution

This occurs when a solvent can no longer dissolve any more of the solute. If you add sugar to water and mix, you will create this kind of solution once the sugar begins to sit on the bottom.

Valence Electrons

These electrons stay in the outermost shell of their atom. They differ from other electrons in that they directly interact with different atoms.

Atomic Number

A number determined by the amount of protons contained within the nucleus of an atom.

Triglycerides

A kind of lipid that contains a glycerol and three fatty acids. Examples include saturated and unsaturated fats.

Polymers

These long chains of molecules contain smaller units, called monomers. They can be made of monomers of the same type or different types, and occur both artificially and in nature.

Enzymes

This important kind of protein is responsible for facilitating chemical reactions in our bodies.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle.

Hypotonic Solution

Solutions of this sort contain concentrations of a solute that are lower than the concentrations found in other solutions.

Osmosis

A process that involves the movement of solvent molecules. This passage takes place across the semi-permeable membrane of a cell.

Electron Cloud

Electrons exist in this area inside of an atom.

Neutron

These subatomic particles have a neutral charge and are generally found in an atom's atomic nucleus.

Chemical Bond

A type of bond that occurs between at least two atoms that are oppositely charged.

Electron Shell

A scientific term that refers to the area that surrounds the nucleus of an atom. This is where electrons are generally located.

Innermost Electron Shell of an Atom

This level of the electron shell contains the electrons closest to the nucleus.