Chapter 21 koepke Blood vessels and capillaries

Blood velocity

Inversely related to cross sectional area. Fastest at aorta, slowest at capillaries

Peripheral Resistance

Opposition to blood flow

Capillary exchange is defined as

Exchange of molecules between blood and tissue

Venous return

Flow of deoxygenated blood from the body back towards to RA

Hypotension types

Acute

chronic

orthostatic

Circulatory shock

Warning for Addisons disease

Standing up really fast

Hyper tension

High blood pressure. Associated with fat people

Blood pressure when entering capillaires and entering venuels

33 mmHg when entering capillataries. 13mmHg when entering venules

5 Factors of Vasoconstriction

Sympathetic stimulation

Angiotensin II

Epinephrine

ADH

Atherosclerosis

3 Factors of vasodialation

Parasympathetic stimulation

Viagra

Atrial Natiuretic Peptide

Diffusion

Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, glucose

Transcytosis

Movement by using endocytosis nad exocytosis. Used for large molecules like insulin

Bulk flow

Pressure moves molecules within fluid. MOST USED

Arteriole end does what

Blood enters capillaries from arteriole. Moves out of bloodstream and into tissues

Venule end

Blood exits a capillary into a venule. Moves back into bloodstream from tissues

Hydrostatic pressure is the primary force that does what

Pushes liquid out of the bloodstream and into the surrounding tissues. Higher at the artiole end

Osmotic pressure is the primary force that does what

Pulls liquid into the bloodstream. Higher at the venous end

Filtration

Pushing fluid out of capillary

Reabsorbtion

Pulling fluid into capillary

Causes of edema

Too much filtration. High BP

Too little reabsorbtion. Not enough proteins, burn victims

Defective lympatic system

What promotes venous return

Pressure generated from LV

Skeletal muscles contracting

Respiratory pump

Epinephrine does what to BP

Raise BP. increase cardiac output and vasoconstriction

Angiotensin II does what to BP

Raise BP. Increase vasocontriction

Aldosterone does what to BP

Raise BP. Sodium and water reabsorbed

ADH does what to BP

Raise BP. Water reabsorbtion and vasoconstriction

Atrial Natuiretic Peptide does what to BP

Decrease BP. Increase vasodialtion, excretes salt and water

What is the pressure generated by the pumping of the heart

Blood Hydrostatic pressure (BHP)

Hemodynamics

The forces involved in circulating blood throughout the body

Formula for finding MAP

Diastolic+ 1/3(Systolic - Diastolic)