Intro to Psychology Pt. 2

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The "Main founders" of Psychology

Psychology

TAMIU

Dr. Brown

PSYC 2301

10th

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1
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<p>Joseph Gall</p>

Joseph Gall

  • He thought the brain had different characteristics.

  • If one characteristic was bigger than others there would be a bump.

  • He became a fun act for rich people who would pay him to figure out their best characteristics.

  • When the brain hits the skull = concussion

<ul><li><p>He thought the brain had different characteristics.</p></li><li><p> If one characteristic was bigger than others there would be a bump.</p></li><li><p>He became a fun act for rich people who would pay him to figure out their best characteristics.</p></li><li><p>When the brain hits the skull = concussion</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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<p>Rene Descartes</p>

Rene Descartes

  • “I think therefore I am”

  • Humans godlike but animals were ants

  • Material vs Immaterial

  • Can touch the brain but not the mind. (Cannot touch thoughts)

3
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<p>Charles Darwin</p>

Charles Darwin

  • Evolution

  • Had an impact on psychology

    • Researched on rats, monkeys, and pigeons

      • Proved that animals were similar to humans

<ul><li><p>Evolution</p></li><li><p>Had an impact on psychology</p><ul><li><p>Researched on rats, monkeys, and pigeons</p><ul><li><p>Proved that animals were similar to humans</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
4
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<p><span>Wilhelm Wundt</span></p>

Wilhelm Wundt

  • “Father/Grandfather of Psychology“

  • Had a school called structuralism aka German Thought

  • Introspection: Looking inside yourself. How they formed mental images.

  • Lemon Test

  • Introspection was a bad testing

<ul><li><p>“Father/Grandfather of Psychology“</p></li><li><p>Had a school called structuralism aka German Thought</p></li><li><p><span>Introspection: Looking inside yourself. How they formed mental images.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Lemon Test</span></p></li><li><p><span>Introspection was a bad testing</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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<p>Edward Titchener</p>

Edward Titchener

  • Reductionism: Break down complex topics and make it simpler

<ul><li><p><span>Reductionism: Break down complex topics and make it simpler</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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<p><span>William James</span></p>

William James

  • The mind is constantly changing

  • How the mind adapted

  • Study even more on animals

  • People can believe in religion even if it’s not logical.

<ul><li><p>The mind is constantly changing</p></li><li><p>How the mind adapted</p></li><li><p>Study even more on animals </p></li><li><p>People can believe in religion even if it’s not logical.</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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<p><span>Sigmund Freud</span></p>

Sigmund Freud

  • How the mind influences behavior

  • Defense mechanisms

  • How the mind's unconscious influences the behavior

<ul><li><p><span>How the mind influences behavior</span></p></li><li><p><span>Defense mechanisms </span></p></li><li><p>How the mind's <span>unconscious </span>influences the behavior</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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<p>John B. Watson </p>

John B. Watson

(Behaviorism)

  • How does the mind influence behavior

  • Did a experiment where they made a kid fear rats

https://sproutsschools.com/watsons-theory-of-behaviourism/

<p>(Behaviorism)</p><ul><li><p><span>How does the mind influence behavior</span></p></li><li><p>Did a experiment where they made a kid fear rats</p></li></ul><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="link" href="https://sproutsschools.com/watsons-theory-of-behaviourism/" download="true">https://sproutsschools.com/watsons-theory-of-behaviourism/</a></p>
10
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<p><span>Ivan Pavlov</span></p>

Ivan Pavlov

(Behaviorism)

  • Conditioning

  • stimulus, response, and reinforcement

  • Psychology wants to be a science

  • “Soft” Science

  • Affects of reinforcement

<p>(Behaviorism)</p><ul><li><p>Conditioning</p></li><li><p>stimulus, response, and reinforcement</p></li><li><p><span>Psychology wants to be a science</span></p></li><li><p><span>“Soft” Science</span></p></li><li><p><span>Affects of reinforcement</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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<p>Wolfgang Kohler</p>

Wolfgang Kohler

(Gestalt Psychology)

  • Mainly in Germany

  • A school that’s also called Gestalt Psychology

  • “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”

  • Where the brain perceives objects/situations as a whole rather than as individual parts

<p>(<span style="font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*27.80px)">Gestalt Psychology</span>)</p><ul><li><p>Mainly in Germany</p></li><li><p>A school that’s also called <span style="font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*27.80px)">Gestalt Psychology</span></p></li><li><p>“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”</p></li><li><p>Where the brain perceives objects/situations as a whole rather than as individual parts </p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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<p>Carl Rogers &amp; Abraham Maslow </p>

Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow

(Humanist Perspective)

  • Free will

  • Self actualization

  • Human beings are good natured

  • Humans seek growth

  • Have a death Instinct

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