Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Allow stuff to move and things hangs off.
Pectoral girdle
____ brace fins and limbs against counter forces.
Girdles
Girdles are braced against one or more components of the _____ for stability.
Axial
The forces exerted on the girdles and appendages are greatest in ____ vertebrates
Terrestrial
Pelvic girdles holds ______
Legs
What are the parts of pelvic girdle
ilium, ischium, and pubis
What are the bones makes of pectoral girdle?
Clavicle, coracoid, scapula
some vertebrates only have ___ limbs
Front
_____ limbs arise during embryogenesis as paired limb buds
Tetrapods
______ are made through an evolutionary process to increase chances of survival of individual due to environmental stress.
Adaptation
____ have a pectoral girdle attached to the skull.
Fish
____ have a separate pectoral girdle and skull.
Tetrapod
Birds have adaptation for ____
Flight wings
____ have adaptation to survive on land and in the water by developing flippers.
Oceanic mammals
____ have a pectoral girdle inside the rib cage.
Turtles
limbs provide leverage for _____ on land.
Locomotion
Wrist, ankle and digits are resting on the ground. Ex: bears, primates, marsupials. what type of adaptation is this?
Plantigrade
Weight is placed on digital arches with wrist and ankle elevated.
Digitigrade.
. They can run faster and walk silently with more agility. What type of adaptation is this?
Digitigrade
What is the example of digitigrade?
Dog and cat
In what type of adaptation wrists and ankles are elevated off the ground.
Unguligrade
There is a reduced number of digits. Thick hooves developed
Unguligrade
What is an example of Unguligrade?
Deer
What are the bone of forelimb.
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpus
Metacarpus
Phalanges
What are the bones of hindlimb?
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsus
Metatarsus
Phalanges
The pectoral girdle is a skeletal complex in ____
The body wall
pectoral girdle supports the ____
Pectoral fin
Pectoral girls is made up of?
Cartilage (mainly), cartilage replacement bone, dermal bones derived from bony plates.
In modern fishes, the _____ has become the major bone of the pectoral girdle.
Cleithrum
There no ____ in pectoral idle of a fish.
Clavicle
The cleithrum is attached tot he skull and supports the _____ and the ____ bones
Supracleithrum and post temporal
_____ is the largest dermal bone of the pectoral girdle which has the muscular attachment.
Cleithrum
there are no _____ in pelvic girdle.
Dermal components
____ skeletal elements that support the pelvic girdle fin are embedded in the musculature of the trunk.
Endochondral
______ plates are the support structures and meet at the pelvic symphysis.
Ischiopubic
____ is used for steering.
Caudal fin
Fins are there to prevent the body from ____
Pitching and rolling
Fins can break ____
Forward motion
Fins can cause forward ____
Propulsion
_____ attach the fin to the pectoral girdle
Basal pterygiophores
_____ is modified to be stable for flight.
pectoral girdle
Which bones supports the wings?
Coracoid and clavicle
_____ articulates with the humerus and is attached to the rib cage.
Scapula
____ is formed by the ventral fusion of the left and right clavicles.
Furcula (wish-bone)
____ has a large keel for the attachment of flight muscles.
Sternum
What ar the bones that are fused with multiple vertebrae forming a synsacrum in pelvic girdle of a bird.
allium, ischium, pubis are all fused
What are the bones of forelimbs?
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpus
Phalanges
____ are greatly reduced in size.
Femur and fibula
______ connects the femur with the fused tibia and tarsal bones.
Tibiotarsus
___is fused in hindlimb
Tarsometatursus
pectoral girdle of the pig do not have which structure?
No clavicle
____ is the large, flat bone with a spine and coracoid processes in pig?
Scapula
What are the bones of forelimbs in pig?
humorous
Radius
Ulna
Carpus
Metacarpus
Digits
What are the bones of hemipelvis that have three bones in pig?
allium, ischium, pubis.
______ of the hip joint is formed by the pelvis in pig?
Acetabulum
Tuber coaxae (hook bone) comes in?
Ilium
____ forms the floor of the pelvic cavity?
Ischium and pubis
what type of bone does ischium and pubis have?
Ischial tuber (pin bone)
what are the bones of hindlimb in pid of tarsus?
talsus and calcaneus
The connection between any of the skeleton’s rigid part is ___
joints
What allows one surface to glide over another?
Synovial joint
SJ requires the presence of _____ over each bone surface and ____ for lubrication.
articular cartilage, synovial fluid
In SJ, the nerve fibers for the joint are located in the ______.
Joint capsule
_____ of the synovial membrane secretes the joint fluid.
Inner layer
The ___ layer of the joint capsule is fibrous and is attached the periosteum of each bone.
Outer
The meniscus within the joint serves as _____
Cushioning
The blood and nerve supply to the joint usually enter the bone near the _____.
Capsule attachment
The _____ from a network around the cartilage and provide a source of nutrition to the articular cartilage.
capillaries
______ is a major component of synovial fluid as well as a glycoprotein called _____.
Hyaluronic, lubricin
T/F: During growth, articular cartilage is capable of regeneration and repairs defects.
True
T/F: Individual muscle fiber either contracts completely or not at all.
True
What is the mechanism to eliminate excess heat.
Oanting or sweating
Spasmodic muscle contractions that increase heat production.
Shivering
