Bio lab 2

Eukaryotic organisms

Organisms with cells that have a nucleus enclosed within membranes.

Chitin

A long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, making up the cell walls of fungi.

Heterotrophic

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and depend on others for their nutritional intake.

Yeasts

Unicellular fungi that ferment sugars.

Molds

Multicellular fungi that are filamentous and have rapid growth.

Mushrooms

Fruiting bodies of some fungi, typically visible above ground.

Lichens

Symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.

Gametophyte

The haploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces gametes.

Sporophyte

The diploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces spores.

Nonvascular plants

Plants that lack specialized conducting tissues (xylem and phloem), often found in moist environments.

Vascular plants

Plants that have specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for transporting water and nutrients.

Bilateral symmetry

Body symmetry where the organism can be divided into two equal halves.

Radial symmetry

Body symmetry where parts are arranged around a central axis.

Porifera

The phylum that includes sponges, characterized by a lack of true tissues.

Cnidaria

The phylum that includes jellyfish and corals, known for their stinging cells.

Platyhelminthes

The phylum that includes flatworms, recognized by their simple body plan.

Annelida

The phylum of segmented worms that possess a complete digestive system.

Mollusca

The phylum that encompasses soft-bodied animals, often with shells, such as snails and squids.

Echinodermata

The phylum that includes sea stars, known for their radial symmetry as adults.

Arthropoda

The phylum characterized by exoskeletons and jointed appendages, which includes insects.

Digestive system

The system responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.

Cardiovascular system

The system responsible for the circulation of blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body.

Nervous system

The system that manages signal transmission and brain function.

Endocrine system

The system responsible for hormone secretion to regulate various bodily functions.

Urinary/Excretory system

The system responsible for the removal of waste products from the body.

Respiratory system

The system responsible for the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Identification factors

Aspects used to identify birds, including physical features and behaviors.