ALKANES ORGANIC REACTIONS

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24 Terms

1

Alkanes

  • saturated hydrocarbons

  • general formula: CnH2n+2

  • where n = number of carbon atoms

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2

hydrocarbons

contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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3

saturated

have only C-C and C-H single bonds and thus contain the maximum possible number of hydrogens per carbon

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4

straight-chain alkanes, or normal (n) alkanes

carbons are connected in a row

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5

branched-chain alkanes

compounds with branched carbon chains

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6

alkyl group

  • the partial structure that remains if hydrogen is removed from an alkane

  • replacing the -ane with -yl

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7

natural gas and petroleum deposits

the major sources of alkanes are the world’s _ and _

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8

natural gas

consists chiefly of methane but also contains ethane, propane, and butane

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9

petroleum

  • a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that must be separated into fractions and then further refined before it can be used

  • FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

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10

INCREASES

alkanes show regular _ in both boiling point and melting point as molecular weight increases.

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11

boiling point

branching lowers an alkane’s _

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12

fractional distillation

separates crude mixtures of alkanes based on differences in boiling point.

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13

gases

boiling point range below 20 °C

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14

gasoline (naphthas)

boiling point range: 20 - 200 °C

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15

kerosene

boiling point range: 175 - 275 °C

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16

fuel oil

boiling point range: 250 - 400 °C

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17

lubricating oil

boiling point range: above 400 °C

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18

asphalt

residue

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19

crude oil and vapor

are preheated

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20

paraffins

alkanes are sometimes referred to as _ a word derived from the Latin parum affinis, meaning “slightly affinity”

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21

inert

(alkanes) little chemical affinity for other substances and are _ to most laboratory reagents

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22

oxygen and chlorine

(alkanes) react under appropriate conditions with _, _, and a few other substances

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23

fuel

the reaction of an alkane with O2 occurs during combustion in an engine or furnace when the alkane is used as a _

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24

reaction of an alkane with Cl2 (Halogenation)

  • when a mixture of the two is irradiated with ultraviolet light (denoted hv)

  • sequential replacement

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