Unit One Quiz Science

Cell

the smallest unit of life

Cell membrane

a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside the cell

Organelle

membrane-surrounded component of a eukaryotic cell with specialized function

Nucleus

The brain of the cell- tells the other organelles what to do

Cell wall

a stiff structure outside the cell membrane that protects a cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms

Ribosome

Makes protein

Endoplasmic reticulum

Delivery system (Like roads) within the cell

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

Golgi complex/apparatus

Packages and distributes protein and goods made by the ER to its destination within the cell or outside the cell

Vesicle

The pinched off membrane from the Golgi Complex/apparatus

Lysosome

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes- get rid of waste (garbage)

Vacuole

Stores the water for the cell - larger in the plant cell

Mitosis

Process of cell division where one cell splits and forms two identical cells called daughter cells

Robert Hooke

First person to discover the cell

Cell theory founders

1. Schleiden - studied plants and concluded all plants were made up of cells; 2. Schwann - studied animals and concluded all animals were made up of cells; 3. Virchow - studied blood cells and concluded that cells can only come from existing cells

Three parts of the cell theory

1. All living things are made of cells; 2. Cells are the basic units of life; 3. Cells come from existing cells

Types of Prokaryotes

1. Bacteria; 2. Archaea

Difference between bacteria and archaea

Bacteria - found almost everywhere; Archaea - live where nothing else can possibly live

Types of Archaea

1. Salt loving - Dead Sea; 2. Heat loving - Volcano; 3. Methane loving - Cow poop

Types of Eukaryotes

1. Animal; 2. Plant

DNA

Genetic material in the cell; Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid; It tells the cell everything - what to do, when to do it, what kinds of cell it is

Function of Nucleus

brain of the cell

Function of Cell membrane

protection and support

Function of Cytoplasm

keeps the cell cushioned and moist

Function of Cell wall

plant cells only - protection and support

Function of Ribosome

makes protein for the cell

Function of ER

collection of tubes that make, package, and transport proteins and fats

Function of Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell - makes energy

Function of Chloroplast

plant cells only - site of photosynthesis. Gives plant cell energy

Function of Golgi complex/apparatus

prepares proteins and fats for use in other places around the cell

Function of Vesicle

used to move things around the cell

Function of Lysosome

contains digestive enzymes. Breaks down garbage in the cell

Function of Vacuole

stores water for the cell