Studied by 10 people
President Woodrow Wilson (Good from the new world)
an idealist
open diplomacy, respect, world peace
established 14 points
WW Territory:
plebiscites in disputed areas
mandates to be created out of Germany’s former colonies
leave Germany as a strong central European power (so it would not later seek revenge, don’t treat her harshly)
WW Reparations:
Minimum
WW Armament:
World disarmament
WW War guilt:
Everyone accepts partial blame
WW LON:
Everyone should be allowed to join from the outset
What WW wanted:
self determination in formation of new states (Poland, Latvia)
strengthen democracy in defeated nations so they later prevent their leaders from beginning another war
a fair and lasting peace settlement
Why WW was happy:
self determination had been used for East Prussia, Upper Silesia
Most of Clemenceaus worst demands had been rejected, Rhineland remained part of Germany
Allowed Germany to keep trading with the US
independent Poland created
idea of LON had been accepted
Why WW was unhappy:
failed to get all 14 points as a basis for treaty because GB and France had both been badly affected by the war, they weren’t as keen on the points
LG resisted freedom of seas point, Wilson the idealist was up against two pragmatists who wanted the best for their respective countries
didn’t want heavy economic penalties, GC wasn’t convinced
GB and France took some of Germanys colonies
no general disarmament, only for defeated countries
WW opinions
LG: kept changing his mind, under pressure by the British public but didn’t want Germany to be too weak, made him difficult to deal with
GC: wanted too harsh of a treaty, under pressure from French public
Lloyd George (Welsh Wizard)
pragmatist
realist & intelligent
needs Germany as a trading partner
post war, berates Germany “Hang the Kaiser”
LG Territory:
take Germany’s colonies
leave mainland Germany as a strong central European power
LG Reparations:
Moderate, not too severe so he could begin re-trading w her
LG Armament:
Moderate disarmament of Germany ONLY
Britain to join Germany Dreadnoughts
LG War Guilt:
Germany accepts entire blame
LG LON:
Germany allowed to join as soon as she has proven to be peace loving
What LG wanted:
His aims were a mix of the forward-looking concerns outlined in the Fontainebleu Memorandum (called for a peace based on justice that would not provoke future wars) and his election promises in December 1918
many of his aims were very contradictory
stop German threats to British empire
wanted British empire to remain supreme around the world
for Germany to lose navy & colonies = threat
ensure France doesn’t become too powerful
no overly harsh treatment of Germany, may lead to future problems domestically & internationally
didn’t want Germany to be charged more than she can pay in reparations, yet added all war pensions to the bill, which made the sum massive
Why LG was happy:
reparations weren’t as extreme as France wanted
free navigation of seas abandoned
pleased to extend British Empire
Germany strong enough to stop spread of communism
Why LG was unhappy:
treaty too harsh
German speaking countries under rule of others
LG opinions:
WW: unhappy with open sea point, self-determination threatening to British Empire
CG: too harsh
Georges Clemenceau (Tiger)
PM of France
Vengeful (invasion of France by Germans 1870, 1914)
hard tough politician
wants to destroy Germany
realist, knew he would be forced to compromise but had to demonstrate awareness of French public opinion
GC Territory:
break up Germany into states, like 1871
share out colonies and territories amongst winners (mainly France)
Saar, Rhineland, Alsace Lorraine to France
GC Reparations:
Massive
GC Armament:
Massive disarmament of Germany only
France to gain resources of land army
GC War Guilt:
Germany accepts entire blame
GC LON:
Germany banned from LON
LON should be a police force to control her
What GC wanted:
weaken Germany both economically and militarily
Germany to suffer
revenge (invasion of France by Germany 1917)
ensure Germany would not attack France again by taking land, weakening industry and reducing armed forces
Why GC was happy:
terms of treaty made Germany economically weak
Rhineland was demilitarised
Germanys overseas territories under LON control
Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
use of coal mines of Saar basin
France made some material gains, French public was pleased
Why GC was unhappy:
Felt that some of Frances eastern borders still weren’t secure
wanted more severe Reparations
Germany not split into states
failed to get Saar permanently
Germany wasn’t permanently disarmed
French public displeased, led to Clemenceau’s government being overthrown and his political career ending
France had expected that the TOV would be backed up by a permanent peacetime alliance with the USA and the UK, this would be Frances main security pillar, this alliance failed to materialise, leaving France to face a Germany that still had a larger population and economy than itself
GC opinions:
WW was very hard to work with, agreed w him in public for peace
disagreed abt Saar and Rhineland
even God only had 10 commandments
LG + WW disagreed on severity of punishment for Germany
Note 
Flashcard (25)