Osmosis and Active Transport

This set of flashcards covers key concepts in osmosis, active transport, and energy transformation as discussed in the lecture.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water.

Hypertonic solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Hypotonic solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Isotonic solution

A solution where the concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Plasmolysis

The shrinkage of a plant cell as a result of water loss in a hypertonic solution.

Turgid

A state of a plant cell when it is filled with water, making it firm and upright in a hypotonic solution.

Active transport

The movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

Sodium-Potassium pump

An example of active transport that moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Endocytosis

The process by which a cell takes in materials through the membrane by engulfing them.

Exocytosis

The process by which a cell expels materials through the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Kinetic energy

The energy of motion, associated with the movement of molecules.

Potential energy

Stored energy based on an object's position or structure.

Redox reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between two substances, consisting of oxidation and reduction.

Oxidation

A process where a substance loses electrons.

Reduction

A process where a substance gains electrons.