animals quiz

1. Parazoa or Porifera

2. Placozoa

3. Cnidaria

4. Ctenphora

5. Bilateria

what are the 5 main classifictions of animals?

sponges

what kinds or organisms are classified under Parazoa/Porifera?

tiny parasitic organisms

what kinds of organisms are classified under Placozoa?

jellyfish

what types of organisms are classified under Cnidaria?

comb jellies

what types of organisms are classified under Ctenphora?

all other animals other than sponges, tiny parasitic organisms, jellyfish, and comb jellies

what types of organisms are classified under Bilateria?

animals

group made up of organisms that are multicellular, most have complex tissue structure, active movement, diverse form & size, most sexually reproduce, offspring go through development changes, and have fixed body plans

1. Nervous

2. Connective

3. Muscular

4. Epithelial

what are the 4 main tissue types?

Hox genes

play a big role in the developmental changes animal offspring undergo

1. Symmetry

2. Number of tissue layers

3. Origin of mouth and anus

4. Body plan and cavities

what factors are used to classify types of animals? (4)

Coelom

body cavity in development

Cambrian Period

known as “Explosion of life”

5

how many mass extinction events have there been?

astroids, volcanoes, plate tectonics

what are some ways mass extinction events have started?

human

the 6th extinction event is thought to be ____-caused

invertebrates

~97% of all animals; all animals without vertebrae, and many are aquatic

Porifera

phyla that includes sponges; all aquatic, simplist animal, asymmetric, asexual and sexual reproduction, filter feeders, and larva are mobile while adults are sessile

Porifera

phyla that are hermaphrodites

hermaphrodite

an animal or plant having both male and female reproductive organs, structure, or tissue

Cnidaria

phyla that have nematocytes, 2 body plans, can produce sexually or asexually, primitive nervous system, and share one opening for mouth and anus

medusa, polyp

what are the 2 body plans in the Phylum Cnidaria?

Ctenphora

phyla that include comb jellies; have radial symmetry, no stinging cells, reproduce sexually, and are aquatic (other than no stinging cells, looking like jellyfish)

nematocyte

stinging cell

Platyhelminthus

phyla that includes flatworms, tapeworms, and flukes; hermaphrodites, gastrovascular cavity, primitive excretory system - flame cells, free living or parasitic, beginning of cephalization

cephalization

creation of head region for sensory information

Lophotrochozoa

super phyla where organisms have a lophophore; includes flatworms, rotifers (microscopic), nemerteans, mollusca, and annelida

lophophore

tentacle with cilia used by Lophotrochozoas for food and respiration

ecdysis

external cuticle that molts

Mollusca

phyla that contains mostly marine organisms; body plan includes mantle, muscular foot, and visceral mass, has a complete digestive system, gills for respiration, open circulatory system - except cephalopod; examples include chiton, snails, slugs, conchs, and the most advanced in the phyla are octopus, squid nautilus

Annelida

phyla that is made up of segmented worms; most advanced worms, complete digestive system, closed circulatory system; examples include earth worms, leeches, and marine worms

Ecdysozoa

super phyla; huge group that includes Arthropods and Nematodes; go through ecdysis

Nematoda

phyla that includes many parasitic organisms; free living in soil (some aquatic), extremely abundant (~28,000-1 mil species), and are nutrient recyclers

Arthropoda

phyla that means “jointed feet”; ~85% of all species, have jointed appendages, exoskeleton, terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial ecosystems, have an open circulatory system, respiration either through gills (aquatic) or tubes

1. Trilobita

2. Chelicerata

3. Myriapoda

4. Crustacea

5. Hexapoda

what are the groups of Arthropods? (5)

Trilobita

group of Arthropods that are extinct and have an abundant fossil record

Chelicerata

group of Arthropods that have clawlike/fanglike mouth parts; examples include spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs

Myriapoda

group of Arthropods that include centipedes and millipedes

Crustacea

group of Arthropods that include crabs, lobsters, crayfish, isopodes, and barnacles; all have caropace

carapace

tough covering all crustaceans have

Hexapoda

group of Arthropods that include insects and 6-legged relatives

Echinodermata

“spiny skin”; phyla that is capable of regenerating, has a water vascular system, lack a head region (instead have a nerve ring), adults have 5 lines of radial symmetry while larva have bilateral symmetry; examples include sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lillies, and sea cucumbers

Chordata

phyla where all possess the following at some point in their life cycle:

• dorsal hollow nerve chord

• notochord

• post anal tail

• pharyngeal gill slits

• thyroid gland

Chordata

invertebrates of this phylum include tunicates and lancelets

• vertebrae

• spinal cord

• bones of inner ear and tonsils (in tetrapods)

• coccyx

in the subphylum Vertebrates,

• notochord:

• dorsal hollow nerve chord:

• pharyngeal gill slits:

• post anal tail:

cranium/skull, backbone

vertebral column is made up of what 2 structures?

cartilage, bone, or fibrous structures

depending on the organism, the vertebral column can be made of what three things?

jawless and jawed

what are the 2 kinds of fish?

cartilaginous and bony

what are the 2 kinds of jawed fish?

ray finned and lobe finned

what are the 2 kinds of bony fish?

jawless fish

group of organisms that includes hagfish and lampreys

jawed fish

group of organisms whose key evolutionary trait are jaws; made up of two groups - chondrichtheyes (cartilaginous) and ostrichtheyes (bony)

bony fish

largest group of vertebrates; have a bony skeleton, scales, paired fins, and a swim bladder for bouyancy

cartilaginous fish

group of organisms that are the dominant predators of the ocean; have cartilage skeletons, key evolutionary trait are teeth, have an electromagnetic sense, and a lateral line; examples include sharks, rays, and skates

Ampullae of Lorenzini

small pores in sensory organs that give sharks their electromagnetic sense

lateral line

structure of sharks that allow them to detect movement and vibration

amphibians

group of organisms that are tetrapods; terrestrial but connected to water (lay eggs in water), cutaneous respiration, some have lungs, some have gills; examples include salamanders, frogs, roads, caecillians (legless)

cutaneous respiration

property of amphibians that means they breath through skin, but it must be moist

amniote

egg protected by amniotic membrane; seen in reptiles, birds, and mammals

reptiles

group of animals that are tetrapods; scaly skin, ectotherms, examples include dinosaurs (extinct), crocodiles, alligators, tuataras, lizards, turtles, and snakes (have secondarily lost legs)

ectotherms

body temperature is dependent on their environment; “cold-blooded”

birds

group of organisms that are endothermic, have a high metabolic rate, and have certain modifications for flight

help in flight

why are birds’ hollow bones, feathers, keel-shaped sternum, and highly efficient respiration and metabolism important?

mammals

group of organisms that characteristics include hair, endothermic, and mammary glands (to produce milk for newborns)

1. Jaw

2. Skeletons

3. Integumentary (skin)

4. Internal anatomy

what are distinctive differences for mammals? (4)

1. Monotremes

2. Marsupials

3. Eutherians

what are the 3 groups of mammals?

Eutherians

placental mammals

Monotremes

group of mammals that lay eggs; examples include platypus, echidna

Marsupials

group of mammals where infants are born not fully developed - most, but not all, finish development in mother’s pouch; examples include kangaroos, koalas, opossums, and tasmanian devils

Eutherians

group of mammals where the placenta connects the fetus to the mother; examples include humans, elephants, rabbits, and many more

Porifera

the phyla of sessile animals as adults, with no true tissues, asymmetrical, and aquatic

insects

what is the most diverse group of Arthropods?

tetrapod

four limbed animal

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

what are the 3 germ layers?

Cnidaria

phyla characterized by stinging cells that are used for defense and capturing prey; includes jellyfish, corals, anemones, box jellies, and hydra

Archaeopteryx

transitional animal linking dinosaurs to birds

jaws

this trait allowed for animals like sharks to exploit food sources previously unavailable

Crustaceans

group of Arthropods that are nearly all aquatic

they are jawless fish

a unique trait of the vertebrates lampreyes and hagfish

primates

lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans are classified as:

cartilaginous

sharks and rays make up ____ fish

lay eggs

platypus and echidnas are monotremes, which includes being mammals that do what?

backbone and skull

unique features of vertebrates include: (2)

Echinodermata

sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lillies, and sea cucumbers are in what phyla?

a pouch

embryos of marsupials develop in ____

chitin

Arthropod skeletons are made of what?

have a notochord at some point in their life cycle

what is a characteristic of all Chordates?

filter feeding

method of feeding demonstrated by sponges

the amniotic egg

this trait freed reptiles from their dependency on water for reproduction

keystone species

the sea otter is a top predator in its ecosystem and has direct link to that ecosystem’s health, making it a what?