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What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Chronic Kidney Disease is a condition characterized by kidney damage or decreased GFR less than 60 mL/min for at least 3 months.
What does GFR stand for?
GFR stands for Glomerular Filtration Rate, a test to measure how well the kidneys are functioning.
What is the definition of Stage 1 CKD?
Stage 1 CKD is the mildest form of chronic kidney disease with normal GFR greater than 90 mL/min.
What defines Stage 5 CKD?
Stage 5 CKD is the most severe form, with GFR less than 15 mL/min or the patient requiring dialysis.
What does ESRD mean?
ESRD stands for End Stage Renal Disease, synonymous with Stage 5 CKD where kidneys can no longer function adequately.
What is erythropoietin (EPO)?
Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
What causes anemia in CKD?
Anemia in CKD is often due to reduced production of erythropoietin, leading to a low red blood cell count.
What is peripheral edema?
Peripheral edema is swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, often seen in CKD patients.
What is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?
A UTI is an infection that can affect any part of the urinary tract, most commonly the bladder.
What is cystitis?
Cystitis is the inflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by a UTI.
What is hematuria?
Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine, which can be classified as microscopic or gross.
What is nephrolithiasis?
Nephrolithiasis is the presence of kidney stones.
What is ureterolithiasis?
Ureterolithiasis is the presence of stones in the ureters.
What is hydronephrosis?
Hydronephrosis is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the kidney due to the accumulation of urine.
What is microscopic hematuria?
Microscopic hematuria is blood in the urine that can only be detected under a microscope.
What is gross hematuria?
Gross hematuria is blood in the urine that is visible to the naked eye.
What does dysuria refer to?
Dysuria refers to painful urination, often associated with UTIs.
What is urgency in urination?
Urgency is the sudden, compelling urge to urinate.
What does frequency refer to in the context of urination?
Frequency is the need to urinate more often than normal.
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