sports psych - exam 1

sport and exercise psychology

Is the scientific study of people in their behaviors in sport and exercise contacts in the practical application of that knowledge.

clinical sport psychologists

Have extensive training in psychology, so they can detect entry individuals with emotional disorders.

educational sport psychology specialists

Have extensive training in sport and exercise science, physical education, and kinesiology, and they understand the psychology of human movement, particularly as it relates to sport and exercise contacts.

scientific method

A method of procedure that has characterize natural science, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis.

systematic approach

Involves standardizing the condition; for example one my assess the children self-esteem under identical conditions with a carefully designed to measure.

control

Variables are controlled or stay the same so they do not influence the primary relationship.

empirical

Based on observation.

critical

Meaning that it involves rigorous evaluation by the researcher and other scientists.

theory

A set of interrelated fact that present a systematic view of some phenomenon in order to describe, explain, and predict is future occurrences.

social facilitation theory

Psychologist studied how the presence of an audience affect performance, but their results for inconsistent.

study

An investigator observes or assesses factors without changing the environment in any way.

experiment

Country differs from a study and that the investigator manipulates the variables wrong with observing them and then explain how changes in one variable affect change than others.

experimental group

The group that receives the treatment.

control group

The group that does not receive the treatment.

unbiased data

Data or fax that speak for themselves and are not influenced by the scientist personal feelings.

reductionistic

Scientific knowledge may be too complex to study all the variables of situation simultaneously, the researcher me so like isolated variables that are the most critical interest.

internal validity

Science favors the extent to which the results of an investigation can be attributed to the treatment used.

external validity

Whether the issue has true significance or utility in the real world.

professional practice knowledge

Knowledge gained through experience.

introspection

reflection.

systematic observation

case study

shared public experience

Comparing notes or feelings based off a given shared experience.

intuition

gut feeling.

RE-AIM model

Outlines five factors that interact to affect knowledge transfer: reach, efficiency, adaptation, implementation, maintenance.

psychophysiological orientation

Believe that the best way to study behavior during sport exercises to examine the physiological process of the brain and they are influences on physical activity.

social-psychological orientation

Sport and exercise psychologist assume that behavior is determined by a complex interactions between the environment in the personal make up of the athlete or exerciser.

cognitive-behavioral orientation

Emphasizes the athletes are exercisers cognitions or thoughts and behaviors and beliefs that thought is Central in determining behavior.

psychological core

basic level of your personality, deepest components includes your attitude and values, interests, and motive, and beliefs about yourself and your self-worth. overall adding up to your personality and the “real you.”

typical responses

The ways we each learn to adjust to the environment or how we usually respond to the world around us.

role-related behavior

How you act based on what you perceive you're social situation to be.

psychodynamic approach

This approach places emphasis on unconscious determinants of behavior (id, superego, and ego) and focuses on understanding the person as a whole.

trait approach

Assumes that the fundamental units of personality, it's traits, are relatively stable. Taking the trait approach, psychologist consider that the causes of behavior generally reside in the person and that the role of situational or environmental factors is minimal.

maladaptive, or unhealthy, perfectionism

Focus on high standards accompanied by a concern over mistakes and evaluation by others.

adaptive, or healthy, perfectionism

A focus on high standards but not excessively worrying about making mistakes or about how others evaluate ones performance.

situation approach

Argues that behavior is determined largely by the situation or environment.

interactional approach

Considers the situation in person ask Cody terminus of behavior, that is, as variables that together determine behavior.

phenomenological approach

Behavior is best determined by accounting for both situations and personal characteristics.

integrative, or biopsychosocial approach

The mission of those who study personality is to understand the whole person and an integrated framework that considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors is needed to truly understand one's personality.

situation-specific measures

Predict behavior more reliably for a given situation is because they consider both the personality of the participant in the specific situation.

intraindividual approach

Focuses mainly on how athletes are feeling relative to how they usually feel.

projective tests

Usually include pictures or rent situation, and the test takers are asked to projector feelings thoughts about these materials.

mental health model

Affective in predicting athletes success, the model suggests that positive mental health as assessed by a certain pattern of profile of mood states (POMS) scores is directly related to the athletic success and high levels of performance.

iceberg profile

Reflects positive mental health, a successful elite athlete chose figure above the mean of the population and tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion below the mean of the population.

meta-analysis

Statistical review of similar studies.

qualitative approach

A general way of thinking about conducting qualitative research, focusing on non-numerical data.

goals

The object of a persons ambitions or effort; an aim or desired result.

objective goals

Focus on attaining a specific standard of proficiency on a task, usually within a specified time.

subjective goals

I general statement of intent, that are not measurable objective.

outcome goals

Typically focus on a competitive result of an event, such as winning a race, any metal, or scoring more points than an opponent.

performance goals

Focus on the cheating standards or performance objectives independently of other competitors, usually on the basis of comparisons with one's on previous performances.

process goals

Focus on the actions in individual must engage in during performance to execute or perform well.

goal difficulty

Moderately difficult, difficult, and very difficult.

indirect thought-process view

Outcome, performance, and process goals influence behavior is indirectly by affecting important psychological factors such as confidence and anxiety.

direct mechanistic view

Which specifies that goes employees performance in 104 direct ways; goals direct attention too important elements of the scale being performed, goals mobilize performer efforts, goals prolong performer persistence, goes faster the development of new learning strategies.

mastery-approach goals

Focus on improving relative to one's an ability and avoid goes that focus on feeling to attain a certain task accomplishment and not losing are not performing well in comparison to others.

practice goals

By focusing on making improvements that one may not normally work on an by maintaining motivation.

goal achievement strategies

identified developing systemic strategies to achieve the goals.

hope

The feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen.

goal commitment

By encouraging progress in providing consistent feedback, specifically done by coaches.

goal support

other people also can support athletes in their goal setting.

group goals

Refer to the attainment of specific standards of goal proficiency, usually within a specific time.

SMART

Specific, measurable, action oriented, realistic, timely, self-determined.

competition

Most researchers have focus on situations in which people compete against others and organize physical activities.

cooperation

Hey social process through which performances evaluating and rewarded in terms of the collective achievements of a group or people working together to reach a particular goal.

de-competition

Opponents see each other as rivals, striving it's each other to win the competition.

motivation

Direction and intensity of one's efforts.

direction of effort

Whether in an individual seeks out, purchase, or is attracted to certain situations.

intensity of effort

How much effort a person puts forth in a particular situation.

trait-centered situation (also known as participant-centered view)

Contains that motivation behavior is primarily a function of individual characteristics.

situation-centered view

Contends that motivation level is determined primarily by situation.

interactional view

Contend that motivation results nearly Soli from participant factors North Holly from situational factors. Rather the best way to understand motivation is to examine have a two sets of factors interact.

achievement motivation

Refers to a persons efforts to master a task, achieve excellence, overcome obstacles, perform better than others, and take pride in an existing talent.

competitiveness

Disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others.

need achievement theory

Is an interaction of you that considers both personal and situational factors as important predictors of behavior.

probability of success

Depends on who you compete against in the difficulty of a task.

incentive of success

The value you play some success.

resultant tendency or behavioral tendency

Derived by considering an individuals achievement motive levels in relation to situational factors.

attribution theory

Focuses on how people explain their success and failures.

stability

Factor to which one attribute success or failure is either fairly permanent or unstable.

locus of causality

A factor is either external or internal to the individual.

locus of control

A factor either is or is not under the individuals control.

achievement goal theory

What is motivated by ones “interpretation” of what it takes to achieve success.

ego oriented

do a task because of your ego and desire to win.

task oriented

doing something because you want to complete something or a certain action.

task goal orientation

In which the focus is on improving relative to her own past experiences.

entity view

Adopt an eagle gold focus, where they see their ability as fixing unable to be changed through effort.

incremental focus

Where they adopt a task old perspective and believe they can change our ability through hard work and effort.

competence motivation theory

Also contains that athletes perception of control work along with self-worth and competency evaluation's to influence their motivation.

learned helplessness

An acquired condition in which a person perceives that his or hers actions have no effect on the desired outcome of a task or skill.

arousal

Is a blend of psychological and physiological activity in person, and refresh the intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment.

anxiety

Is a negative emotional state characterized by nervousness, worry, and apprehension and associated with activation or arousal of the body.

cognitive anxiety

The thought component of anxiety.

somatic anxiety

The degree of physical activation perceived in anxiety.

state anxiety

Refers to the ever changing mood component. It is defined more formally as an emotional state “characterized by subjective, consciously perceive the feelings of apprehension intention, accompanied by or associated with activation or arousal of the automatic nervous system.”

cognitive state anxiety

Concern is the degree to which won warriors or has negative emotions.

somatic state anxiety

Concerns the moment to moment changes in perceived physiological activation.

perceived control

A regulatory component of state anxiety; that is, the degree to which one believe one has the resources in ability to meet challenges in an important component of state anxiety as well.

trait anxiety

Is part of the personality, in acquired behavioral tenancy or disposition that influences behavior. In particular “trait anxiety predispose an individual to perceive as threatening a wide range of circumstances that objectively may not actually be physically or psychologically dangerous. The person then response to these circumstances with state anxiety reactions or levels that are disproportionate in intensity and magnitude to the objective danger.”

self-report measures

Hey series of statements and numerical skills ranging from low to high.