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Skeletal
voluntary control (movement of skeleton), striated (alternating bands- sarcomeres), connected by tendons to bones, multinucleated
Cardiac
involuntary control, heart muscle, striated (not like skeletal)
Smooth
not striated, lining of the blood vessels/inner organs (intestines)
Functions of Muscles
Movement of the skeletal/bones (skeletal)
Movement of food/blood (smooth)
Posture- stabilize/maintain position
Muscle contractions generate 85% of body heat
Pump blood (cardiac)
Contractibility
ability for muscle to contract/shorten to generate force when stimulated by nerve
Extensibility
ability to lengthen beyond normal resting length (ex: stretching)
Elasticity
ability to return to normal resting length
Atrophy
decrease in # of myofibrils, decrease in muscle mass due to inactivity
Hypertrophy
muscle increase in size due to the increase in # of myofibrils (ex: weight training)
Trained
Hypertrophy (Increase in myofibrils)
Untrained
Atrophy (Decrease in myofibrils); Inactivity/injury, age, space flight leads to atrophy
Digestive
smooth muscle, peristalsis
Circulatory
cardiac muscle (heart), smooth muscle (blood vessels)
Nervous
Neuromuscular junctions: nerves send an impulse to muscle, causing it to contract
Endocrine
hormonal control (ex: adrenaline) of the muscular system
Origin
muscle attaches to stationery bone
Insertion
muscle attaches to moveable bone
Rectus femoris
Origin: Hip (pelvis)
Insertion: Patella
Vastus Intermedias
Origin: Femur
Insertion: Patella
Fascia
outer layer/covering
Epimysium
outer fascia covering entire muscle
Perimysium
covering bundles of muscle fibers (fascicle)
Endomysium
deep fascia covering muscle fibers
Sarcomere
striations= bands of myosin/actin
Actin
thinner protein fiber
Myosin
thicker protein fibers