15 Pages in Head & Neck Anatomy Part 2

What does O stand for in muscle anatomy?

Origin

What does I stand for in muscle anatomy?

Insertion

What does A stand for in muscle anatomy?

Action

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Sternum and clavicle

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Mastoid process of the temporal bone

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Tilts and rotates the head

What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

Occipital and vertebral bones

What is the insertion of the trapezius muscle?

Scapula and clavicle

What is the action of the trapezius muscle?

Rotates and elevates the scapula (shoulder 'shrug')

What nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?

Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

What muscle contracts and protrudes the lips ('kissing muscle')?

Orbicularis oris

What muscle is responsible for smiling and laughing?

Zygomatic muscles

What muscle produces a grin?

Risorius

What muscle pulls down the lower lip?

Depressor labii inferioris

What muscle pulls down the corner of the mouth?

Depressor anguli oris

What muscle pulls the chin skin upward?

Mentalis

What muscle lowers the lip and tenses the skin of the neck?

Platysma

What muscle compresses the cheek?

Buccinator

What muscle elevates the corners of the mouth?

Levator anguli oris

What artery supplies blood to the tongue?

Lingual artery

The lingual artery is a branch of which artery?

External carotid artery

Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to most tongue muscles?

Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve)

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the anterior tongue?

V3 trigeminal nerve

Which nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior tongue?

Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

Which nerve provides sensory and taste to the posterior tongue?

Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

Where do intrinsic tongue muscles start and end?

Within the tongue

What is the function of intrinsic tongue muscles?

Determine the shape of the tongue

Which intrinsic tongue muscles run longitudinally?

Superior and inferior longitudinal muscles

What other intrinsic tongue muscle groups exist?

Transverse and vertical groups

What is the function of extrinsic tongue muscles?

Control the position of the tongue

What are the extrinsic tongue muscles?

Hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus, genioglossus

Which extrinsic tongue muscle is innervated by cranial nerves X and XI?

Palatoglossus

How many circumvallate papillae are present?

8-12

Where are circumvallate papillae located?

Anterior to the sulcus terminalis

What do circumvallate papillae contain?

Taste buds and glands of Von Ebner (serous)

What feature gives filiform papillae their appearance?

Keratinized tips

What appearance do filiform papillae give the tongue?

Velvet appearance

Do filiform papillae contain taste buds?

No

Which papillae are the most numerous?

Filiform papillae

What do fungiform papillae look like?

Red bumps

Do fungiform papillae contain taste buds?

Yes

Where are foliate papillae located?

Posterior, lateral border of the tongue

What is the structure of foliate papillae?

Folds of tissue

Do foliate papillae contain taste buds?

Yes

What is the dorsum of the tongue?

Top of the tongue where papillae are located

What is the ventral surface of the tongue?

Bottom (underneath surface) of the tongue

What is the sulcus terminalis?

V-shaped line separating the posterior 1/3 and anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Where is the foramen cecum located?

At the point of the sulcus terminalis

What is the significance of the foramen cecum?

Site of embryonic origin of the thyroid gland