central nervous system

functions of nervous system

functions of nervous system

homeostasis, conceptualizes and integrates info, chemical signals, perceive changes in enviro via sensory, analyzes info within cns, coordinate motor response

what is the CNS made up of

brain and spinal cord

what is the PNS made up of

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

SAME DAVE

sensory affarent

Motor efferent

dorsal affarent

ventral efferent

somatic motor

neurons carry impulse from the brain to innervate with skeletal muscles, stimulate, voluntary

autonomic motor

neurons carry impulse from brain which innervates with cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands, can stimulate or inhibit, automatic

characteristics of neurons

transmit impulse, highly sensitive, high metabolic rate, cant divide after 3 yrs, longevity, vary in size

white mater

myelinated fibers

gray mater

neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated neurons

bipolar neuron

special senses: vision and smell

pseudounipolar neuron

sensory impulses

multipolar neuron

motor impulses, most abundant

characteristics of neuroglia

cant transmit impulses, protect and repair neurons, can divide, vary in shape

astrocytes

form blood-brain barrier in CNS

microglia

acts as a macrophage and remove pathogens

ependymal cells

form choroid plexus which creates CSF

oligodendrocyte

form myelin sheaths in CNS

Schwann cells

form myelin sheaths in PNS

satellite cells

surround and protect neuron cell bodies in PNS ganglia, regulate environment!

divergence

circuit for spreading stimulation to multiple neurons

convergence

circuit for providing input from multiple sources to a single neuron

serial processing

circuit in which neurons work sequentially , straight line

parallel processing

circuit in which neurons process same info simultaneously from one neuron

reverbation

positive feedback circuit loop

layers of connective tissue that wrap around a neuron

epineurium→ perineurium→ endoneurium

dura mater

most superficial layer of brain, hard

-endosteal layer attached to cranium

-meningeal layer is deep

arachnoid mater

middle layer

-CSF circulate in vili and subarachnoid space

pia mater

deepest layer of meninges

cerebrospinal fluid

protects and cushion brain and SC, removes waste, produced by choroid plexus, recirculated every 8 hrs

hydrocephalus

water on the brain, found in adults but common in newborns, blocked flow of csf causes brain to expand into skull, cause: tumors, stroke

treatment: shunt to drain, medication

characteristics of brain

100 bill neurons, 60% fat, 3 lbs, male is 10% larger

Telenecephalon (forbrain)

cerebrum, fissures and sulci, gray and white mater

diencephalon

thalamus and hypothalamus

mesencephalon

cerebral peduncles and corpora quadrigemina

metencephalon

pons and cerebullum

myelencephalon

medulla oblongata

frontal lobe

primary motor complex, conscious control, prefrontal cortex involved in intellect learning personality

parietal lobe

primary somatosensory cortex, perception of touch, pressure, pain

internal capsule/fibers /corpus callosum

allow neurons to send messages to lobes, mainly myelinated neurons

cerebral nuclei

functions in subconscious movements of skeletal muscle, gait

thalamus

sensory relay station to cerebral cortex

hypothalamus

control center for autonomic NS and endocrine system, emotions, sleep-wake cycle

cerebellum

coordinate skeletal muscle for smooth muscle, posture

pons

“bridge” links cerebellum with brain and SC, respiratory rhythm

medulla oblongota

autonomic functions like heartbeat, HR, swallowing, breathing

olfactory nerve- OLD

CN 1

sensory= smell

optic nerve- OWLS

CN 2

sensory= vision

oculomotor- On

CN 3

motor somatic: skeletal eye muscle

motor visceral: constrict smooth eye muscle- PARASYMPATHETIC

trochlear - TREE

CN 4

motor somatic: skeletal eye muscles

Trigeminal- TOPS

CN 5

sensory: sensation form eyes, face, mouth

motor somatic : mastication

Abducens- ARE

CN 6

motor somatic: abudct eye , lateral skeletal

Facial -FOREVER

CN 7-

sensory: taste from anterior 2/3 tongue

motor somatic: facial expression

motor autonomic: salivary glands PARASYMPATHETIC

Vestibulocholear- VIEWING

CN 8

sensory: hearing and equillibrium

Glossopharyngeal - GREEN

CN 9

sensory: taste posterior tongue

motor somatic: swallowing

motor visceral: salivary - PARASYMPATHETIC

Vagus- VALLEYS

CN 10

somatic: sensation from visceral organs

motor somatic: larynx, swallowing

motor visceral: visceral organ movement- PARASYMPATHETIC

Accessory -AND

CN 11

motor: swallowing, movement of head, neck, shoulder

Hypoglossal- HILLS

CN 12

motor: tongue muscles

where is the recepetive region of a neuron

dendrite

where is the integrative region of a neuron

cell body

where is the conductive region of a neuron

axon

multiple sclerosis

where axons are not myelinated, synpase is slow