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Between 1860 and 1900, one in every five men actually did this.
Vote
Between 1860 and 1900, Americans spent more money on this than on clothes or shoes.
Tobacco
The iron capital of the South.
Birmingham
A term used to describe statutes put in place for the separation of Blacks from whites.
Jim Crow Laws
Battle in which Crazy Horse and the Sioux tribe killed Custer and showed the unity of Sioux and Cheyenne tribes.
Battle of the Little Bighorn
Railroad linking the West to the East and establishing a secure trade route across the United States.
The U.S. Transcontinental Railroad
Name of William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody's attraction that gave Americans an idea of how the new western frontier was portrayed.
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
Known as "The Wizard of Menlo Park," this inventor is credited with numerous advancements in electrical power.
Thomas Edison
Used a code of dots and dashes to send messages through electrical wires.
Morse Code
While experimenting with ways of communicating with the deaf, this inventor organized the American Telephone and Telegraph Company.
Alexander Graham Bell
Owner of the Standard Oil Company; this philanthropist helped boom the oil industry in America.
John D. Rockefeller
Entrepreneur who took advantage of the "boom-and-bust" business cycle with steel.
Andrew Carnegie
Gave the government power to break up trusts or big businesses.
The Sherman Antitrust Act
Facility opened in the late 1800s that greeted new immigrants arriving into New York Harbor.
Ellis Island
Facility opened in the late 1800s that greeted new immigrants arriving into San Francisco Bay.
Angel Island
A policy favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants.
Nativism
Products introduced during this decade were Campbell's soup, Quaker oats, Pillsbury flour, Jell-O, and Cracker Jacks.
1890s
Dictated that personal conduct be based on orderly behavior and disciplined moralism.
Middle-class life code of behavior
Fearing the effects of alcohol on the family, she became the second president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1879.
Frances Willard
Reform movement in the 19th and 20th centuries to restrain the sale and use of alcohol.
Temperance Movement
Year Richard W. Sears and Alvah C. Roebuck started sending out catalogs for consumers to purchase goods for the home.
1887
Year the American League was established in baseball.
1901
Year Scott Joplin wrote "Maple Leaf Rag."
1899
Created "The Greatest Show on Earth" to provide circus entertainment for crowds all over America, Europe, and Asia.
P.T. Barnum and his partners
Percent of eligible voters that turned out for Presidential elections between 1860 and 1900.
Approximately 80%
This would be the foundation of government assistance to people in America.
The Constitution
Who said, "While the people should patriotically and cheerfully support their Government its functions do not include the support of the people."
Grover Cleveland
Poll tax and literacy tests for voting showed this to many African Americans.
Disenfranchisement
Founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881.
Booker T. Washington
Author of On the Origin of Species in 1859.
Charles Darwin
Brand of newspaper reporting that stresses excitement and shock over evenhandedness and dull fact.
Yellow Journalism
This battleship was reportedly sunk by the Spanish and started the Spanish-American War.
USS Maine
Theodore Roosevelt served during the Spanish-American War with what group?
The Rough Riders
School of psychology, founded by John Watson, that measures human behavior, believes it can be shaped, and discounts emotion as subjective.
Behaviorism
Author of How the Other Half Lives in 1890, he showed photos of Americans living in poverty and the harsh conditions they were facing.
Jacob Riis
Nurse who became a crusader for birth control. She was arrested in 1916 for distributing contraceptive information.
Margaret Sanger
This conference held in 1848 started women's suffrage and expressed ideas for women to gain the right to vote.
Seneca Falls Convention
Founded the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1890.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
A group that sought to prohibit the sale of alcohol at local and state levels.
The Temperance Movement
Author of The Souls of Black Folk in 1903, he argued that Blacks could only become equal if they could achieve suffrage which would lead to equal rights.
W.E.B. Du Bois
What does NAACP stand for?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
American President who changed the name of the Executive Mansion to the White House, set up a press room inside the White House, spoke openly with Blacks about the future of the South, and felt he could do anything that was not listed in the Constitution.
Theodore Roosevelt
Author of The Jungle in 1906, he exposed unsanitary conditions in a meat factory, helping Congress to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act along with the Meat Inspection Act.
Upton Sinclair
American President who won the election of 1912 because the Republican Party split the ticket.
Woodrow Wilson
Law in 1914 that barred some of the worst corporate practices: price discrimination, holding companies, and interlocking directorates.
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
The assassination of this Austria-Hungary Archduke led to the start of WWI.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
New form of sea warfare introduced by the Germans to quickly kill crews and passengers.
Unrestricted submarine warfare (U-boats)
Ditches that were six to eight feet deep and four to five feet wide, deep enough to escape bullets, grenades, and artillery.
Trenches (Trench Warfare)
Passed in May 1917 to draft men into the military to prepare for war.
The Selective Service Act
1919: Phrase used to describe the race wars that broke out in Washington, D.C., Omaha, Nebraska, New York City, and Chicago.
Red Summer
This disease is responsible for more American deaths in the 1900s than American battle casualties in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War combined.
The Spanish Flu (Influenza Pandemic of 1918)
Name for the decade during the 20th century where production and consumption were booming.
The Roaring Twenties
Name given to the creation by Henry Ford that allowed for production costs to be cut in half.
The Moving Assembly Line
Person who preached the "Doctrine of High Wages," believing that putting more money in the pockets of Americans would boost the economy.
Henry Ford
The invention of the automobile would ensure Americans depended on this precious liquid for years to come.
Oil (Petroleum)
This became the 10th biggest business in America during the 1920s.
Advertising Industry
Referred to as the "New Woman," these women wore makeup, long string beads, and were considered economically free.
Flappers
Radio sitcom made famous by vaudeville actors in 1929.
Amos 'n' Andy
America's first national weekly magazine.
The Saturday Evening Post
Airman who flew the Spirit of St. Louis and made the first solo transatlantic flight in 1927.
Charles A. Lindbergh
Hitting 54 home runs in 1920, he played for the New York Yankees.
Babe Ruth
The raving Charleston dance came out during this year.
1923
This style of music appeared in New Orleans, Memphis, and St. Louis, blending African American musical traditions with soul and blues.
Jazz
Promoted African Americans to go back to Africa.
Marcus Garvey
20th-century poet who wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers."
Langston Hughes
Italian immigrants sentenced to death in 1927 for theft and murder; critics feel that nativism was to blame for their wrongful arrest.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Famously known for his gangster/mob activities during the 1920s.
Al Capone
The name given for the 18th Amendment that forbade the sale of alcohol in America.
Prohibition
Secret clubs where people could buy liquor but had to speak softly so authorities would not bust up the joint.
Speakeasies
Rebooting in the 1920s, this organization promoted white supremacy in America.
Ku Klux Klan
Debate over teaching evolution instead of creationism; this trial highlighted the competition between fundamentalists and scientists.
The Scopes "Monkey" Trial
Won the election of 1928.
Herbert Hoover
Name given for October 24, 1929, when the stock market began to crash.
Black Thursday
Area affected by dust storms that stretched hundreds of miles.
The Dust Bowl
This reached 50% by 1932.
Unemployment rate for African Americans
Author of The Grapes of Wrath in 1939.
John Steinbeck
Trial falsely accusing nine Black teenagers in Alabama of raping a white woman.
The Scottsboro Boys Trial
Organization created by Herbert Hoover to lend money to banks.
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Won the election of 1932 as a Democrat, ending 30 years of Republican rule.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Roosevelt fell ill in the summer of 1921 with this disease.
Polio
Roosevelt's many informal talks with the nation on the radio.
Fireside Chats
Created in 1933, this public works project created jobs and covered seven states.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Louisiana Governor who was assassinated, though popular to many Americans.
Huey Long
Laid the groundwork for the modern welfare state.
The New Deal
Built to provide a more reliable water source in the West.
Hoover Dam
The New Deal helped gain Democrats this type of electorate.
The New Deal Coalition
An issue Roosevelt would not discuss with Congress for fear of losing support from Southern Congressmen.
Anti-lynching legislation
Photographer who snapped the iconic photo "Migrant Mother" in 1936.
Dorothea Lange
A lightning war.
Blitzkrieg
Belief that the United States should avoid foreign entanglements, alliances, and involvement in foreign wars.
Isolationism
Date of the attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor. "A day that will live in infamy." — Roosevelt
December 7, 1941
The invasion of North Africa under the command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower and General George S. Patton.
Operation Torch
Estimated number of American casualties during WWII.
Approximately 400,000 deaths
More than 100,000 scientists, engineers, technicians, and support staff from Canada, England, and the United States worked at 39 installations to build an atomic bomb.
The Manhattan Project
The Battle of Normandy was when?
June 6, 1944 (D-Day)
An 11-member Security Council in 1944 that would oversee a General Assembly composed of delegates from all member nations.
The United Nations Security Council
Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on this date.
August 6, 1945
Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on this date.
August 9, 1945
Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay, ending WWII on this date.
September 2, 1945
To preserve the American way of life, the United States must step forward and help "free people" threatened by "totalitarian regimes."
The Truman Doctrine
