The brain

lecture 16

Brain steam

connects the prosencephalon and cerebellum to the spinal cord

Cerebellum

is the the second largest part of the brain and it develops from the metencephalon

Diencephalon

arises from the prosencephalon and eventually forms the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

cerebrum

is the location of conscious thought processes and the orgin of all complex intellectual functions

Medulla Oblongata

is formed from the myelencephalon. It is the most inferior part of the brain steam and is continuous with the spinal cord inferiorly

Pons

is a bulging region on the anterior part if the brainstem that forms from part of the metencephalon

Mesencephalon or Midbrain

is the superior portion of the brainstem.

Arbor Vitae

The white matter of the cerebellum

Vermis

a narrow band of cortex separates the left and right cerebellar hemispheres

Thalamus

refers to the paired oval masses of grey matter that lie in each side of the third ventricle

Epithalamus

partially forms the posterior roof of the diencephalon and covers the third ventricle

Hypothalamus

-Master control of the autonomic nervous system

-Master control of the endocrine system

-Regulation of body temperature

-Control of emotional behavior

-Control of food intake

-Control water intake

-Regulation of sleep-wake

What connects the right and left hemispheres

corpus callosum

Frontal Lobe

-primary motor cortex

-Premotor cortex

-Motor speech area

-Frontal eye field

Parietal Lobe

-Primary somatosensory cortex.

-Somatosensory association area

-Part of Wernicke area

Occipital Lobe

-Primary visual cortex

-Visual association area

Temporal Lobe

-Primary auditory cortex

-Primary olfactory cortex

-Auditory association area

-Part of Wernicke areas

Insula Lobe

Primary gustatory cortex

Gyrus

a ridge or fold between two clefts on the cerebral surface in the brain.

Sulcus

furrow, groove. especially : a shallow furrow on the surface of the brain separating adjacent convolutions.

Dura mater

is an external tough dense irregular connective tissue layer is composed of two fibrous layers

Arachnoid mater

lies external to the pia mater

Pia mater

is the innermost of the cranial meninges it is thin and composed of delicate areolar connective tissue that is highly vascularized and tightly adheres to the brain

Between the arachnoid mater and overlying dura mater is a potential space _____ becomes an actual space if blood or fluid accumulates

Subdural space

Immediately deep to the arachnoid mater is_____.

Subarachnoid space

Lateral ventricles

2 of them are in the cerebrum and separated by a thin medial partition called the septum pellucidum

third ventricles

It is found in the diencephalon is a smaller venricle each lateral ventricle communicates with this ventricle through an opening called the interventricular foramen

Fourth ventricles

The third ventricle connect with me and is located between the pons medulla and the cerebellum and at its inferior end before it merges withpro the slender central canal in the spinal cord.

Choroid plexus

produces CSF

Internal carotid arteries

a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain, eyes, and other parts of the head

Vertebral arteries

supply blood to the brain and spine

Blood brain barrier

which strictly regulates what substances can be enter the interstitial fluid of the brain

Dural Venous Sinuses

a network of channels located within the dura mater, the outermost layer of the brain's protective coverings

Internal jugular vein

a large vein located in the neck that plays a crucial role in draining blood from the brain, face, and neck back to the hear

What is part of the diencephalon

Pineal gland

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

The innermost layer of the meninges, delicate and closed applied to the surface off the brain is the

pia mater

An object penetrating through the temporal bone would impact first which of these regions of the brain

temporal lobe

If you were to separate the brainstem from the rest of the brain then you would cut between the mesencephalon (midbrain) and the

diencephalon

The space within the diencephalon is the

third ventricle

The most inferior ventricle of the brain is the

fourth ventricle

The vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity through the

foramen magnum

Pineal gland

is an endocrine gland and secretes the hormone melatonin

Habenular nuclei

helps relay signals from the limbic system to the midbrain and are involved in visceral and emotional responses to odors