Lecture 17 part 1: Fatty Acid Metabolism Regulation

What does acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) do, and how is it regulated?

step 0 of FAS: it makes malonyl CoA

activated by PP2A and insulin = gets dephosporylated + storage of fats

deactivated by AMPK and glucagon = gets phosphate added +less production of fats

List the activators and inhibitors of ACC (3 each)

Activators:

citrate (from inhibiting aconitase)

ATP

Insulin

Inhibitors:

palmitoyl CoA (basically means high fat [])

AMP

Glucagon

How is FA oxidation regulated in the transport step?

carnitine shuttle moves FA CoA from cyto to mito (using CAT 1/2)

malonyl CoA inhibits the carnitine shuttle and prevents more FA CoA from clogging up the cytoplasm

How is the activation stage of oxidiation regulated by horomones + exercise?

insulin = inhibits lipase

glucagon = activates lipase

exercise = activates lipase

COMMON SENSE CARD

Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic exericse (3 points)

anaerobic:

1. breaks sugars (glycolysis)

2. makes lactate (fermentation)

3. training increases short power bursts

Aerobic:

1. mostly burns fats

2. produces CO2

3. training increases endurance

Distinguish between the training outcomes of aerobic and anaerobic exercise (3 points)

Aerobic:

1. faster hexokinase rate

2. more gluconeogensis

3. more mitochondria

Anaerobic:

1. more muscle cells

2. increased PFK rate (glycolysis)

3. does not increase mitochondria