Practice Praxis Questions

A major advantage of contrast training is that

The child sees that the sound uses makes a semantic difference - hill vs fill

• helps children understand that the sounds they make create a difference in word meanings

An audiologist is testing a client, a 14-year old girl, in a soundproof booth. She asks her client to put on headphones that deliver the sound stimulus directly to the ear. The audiologist tells the client that if she hears a sound, she should respond by holding up her hand or pressing a switch that lights up on the audiometer. What test is being conducted?

Air conduction

• air conduction testing involves a pure tone test to determine a client’s threshold of hearing for selected frequencies while wearing headphones. The audiologist delivers pure tones directly into the client's ear. Clients indicate when they hear a sound

___ is an inherited form of rare vascular disease. It is caused by a fulty gene and may result in dementia. People who are afflicted with this type of dementia. People who are afflicted with this type of dementia may have several mild CVAs that cause damage to the white matter in the brain. Symptoms begin gradually and can be noticed when a person is between the ages of 30 and 50. Symptoms include slurred speech, migraines, and weakness on one side of the body. Women with this type of dementia may notice symptoms when they are pregnant.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)

• rare form of dementia. Symptoms may include apathy, depression, anxiousness, and lack of motivation. visuospatial skills may also be affected. Two out of three people who have CADASIL may develop dementia. A genetic test can confirm a diagnosis of CADASIL and there is no cure

A 65-year-old man with presbycusis comes to you complaining that when he is in social situations such as parties, people don’t speak loudly enough. He says that the background noise creates a problem for him in hearing what people are saying. This has caused him to become somewhat socially isolated. What does this client have difficulty with?

Signal-to-noise ratio

• the client is having difficulty with singla-to-noise ratio, or the difference in dB between the stimulus of interest (the voice of a person or persons he is talking with) and competing background noise

Grayson, a 5-year-old patient, came to an audiologist for a hearing evaluation. Grayson seems to be having difficulty hearing in a noisy classroom. When read a story and asked comprehension questions Grayson often answered with an unrelated response. At home, he seems to comprehend things well. After performing a hearing test, the audiologist measures Grayson’s pure-tone average for both ears and the numbers fall between ranges of 28-32dB. What is Grayson’s degree of hearing loss?

Mild

• mild hearing loss is in an approximate range of 15-40dB

Based on client observation, how can a clinician determine whether a client has normal disfluencies or abnormal disfluencies?

Any absence of secondary behaviors

• when a child exhibits a physical tension or secondary behaviors (e.g., jaw movements, facial contortions, eye blinking) that are associated with stuttering, it is an indication of abnormal disfluencies

You are treating a 76-year-old woman with dementia.The patient presents with confusion. The patient’s daughter informs you that she would like you to provide suggestions that may improve the quality of her mother’s life. You suggest a therapy that would include orientation information. This would include providing the patient with information about time, person, and place. You mention to the daughter that this may improve an understanding of awareness of the environment. You also suggest that this information should be provided to the patient at fixed times throughout the day; however, you inform the daughter that there is no guarantee that this technique will work. This treatment method is an example of

Reality orientation

• reality orientation has improved cognitive functioning for those who live with dementia. Reality orientation therapy may include helping individuals retain awareness of time, place, and person. For example, clinicians may talk with the patients about their environment, who they are with, the day of the week, or who is conversing with them