Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
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43 Terms
What type of cells contain chloroplasts?
Plant and some algae
What is the energy plants use to make their own food?
Light
The food making process is called____________
Photosynthesis
What are the raw materials for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Water
What simple sugar is produced?
Glucose
What gas is USED? __________RELEASED?_______
CO2 and O2
Where are most photosynthetic cells in plants found?
Leaves
About how many chloroplasts can be found in photosynthetic cells?
Thousands
How many membranes surround a chloroplast?
2
The outer membrane is_________.
Smooth
The INDIVIDUAL SACS formed by the inner membrane are called __________ and are arranged in ________ like pancakes.
Thylakoids and Grana
What pigment is found inside a thylakoid? What color will it be?
Chlorophyll and Dark green
Other pigments that trap sunlight are called __________ pigments. What color are these pigments?
Accessory and red, yellow, orange, brown.
STACKS of thylakoids are called _______ (plural) or Granum (singular).
Grana
Stacks or grana are connected to each other by ________
Lamellae
Why are mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell?
Because they "burn" or break the chemical bonds of glucose to release energy to do work in a cell.
What cell process occurs in the mitochondria?
Aerobic Cellular Respiration.
Why do some cells have MORE mitochondria? Give an example.
Because it is a more active cell. A muscle.
What simple sugar is broken down in the mitochondria?
Glucose.
Where does the energy in glucose come from ORIGINALLY?
The Sun.
Where is the energy stored in glucose?
In chemical bonds.
Why is cellular respiration an aerobic process?
Because it requires the use of oxygen
What energy is released when the chemical bonds of glucose are broken?
ATP
Name two other organelles besides the mitochondria that contain DNA and have a double membrane.
Nucleus and Chloroplast
Describe the outer membrane of the mitochondria.
Smooth
Why is the inner of the mitochondrial membrane folded?
To increase the surface area
What are the folds called?
Cristae
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphoshate
What three main things make up an ATP molecule?
Nitrogen-Containing Base, A 5-Carbon Sugar, and 3 Phosphate Groups
How many high-energy bonds does ATP contain?
2
Where are these high-energy bonds found in ATP?
In the last two Phosphate groups
What helps weaken these bonds so energy can be released and then later help reform them?
Enzymes
When ATP loses a phosphate group __________ is released for cells and a molecule of __________ forms.
Energy and ATP
What is the energy molecule of the cell called?
Sunlight
What macromolecule made by plants is "burned" in the mitochondria?
Glucose
Where is chlorophyll found in the chloroplast?
Grana
In which part of a plant would you expect to find the most chloroplasts and why?
The leaves, because they carry out photosynthesis
How would the number of mitochondria in an insect's wing compare to the amount found in other cells in an insect's body? Explain your answer.
The wings, because they are in constant movement because they are flapping
What are the raw materials for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide, Water, Oxygen
What product of photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration?
Glucose
What is the advantage of having a folded inner membrane in the mitochondria?
Increases the surface area
What is the energy for photosynthesis?
Sunlight
Besides chlorophyll, what other pigments are found in the chloroplasts?
Accessory Pigments