TOXI LAB Finals

SAP-CQP

• Salicylic acid

• Acetanilide

• Phenacetin

• Colchicine

• Quinine

• Phenytoin Sodium capsules

Experiment titles

13

14

15

16

17

18

1-LS

• 1N iodine solution

• Little thiosulfate solution

• Sodium carbonate

Yellow-clear solution

Salicylates Table:

TEST 1 (reagents and positive result)

1-NE

• 1mL sulfuric acid

• Neutral ferric chloride solution

• Ether

Violet solution

Salicylates Table:

TEST 2 (reagents and positive result)

HANESH

• HCl

• Ammonia

• Neutralize with chalk

• Ether

• Salicylic acid

• Hydrogen peroxide

Clear solution with black ppt

Acetanilide Table:

TEST 1 (reagents and positive result)

N10Y

Nitration test

• 10% nitric acid

• Yellow solution

Phenacetin Table:

TEST 1 (reagents and positive result)

OCCL

Oxidation test

• Concentrated HCl

• Chromic acid solution

• Light brown solution

Phenacetin Table:

TEST 2 (reagents and positive result)

DPPP-LBOOYR

Differentiation test

• Phosphomolybdic acid

  • AP - Lime green solution, Blue

• Potassium bromate

  • AP - orange, orange

• Potassium permanganate

  • AP - Yellow, Red violet solution

Phenacetin Table:

TEST 3 (reagents and positive result)

TANISH

Tannic acid test

• Tannic acid

• Light-yellow solution

Colchicine Table:

TEST 1 (reagents and positive result)

TANISH

Nitric acid test

• Nitric acid

• Diluted Sodium Hydroxide

• Turbid solution with white ppt

Colchicine Table:

TEST 2 (reagents and positive result)

TANISH

• Sulfuric acid test

• Sulfuric acid

• Light-yellow

Colchicine Table:

TEST 3 (reagents and positive result)

TANISH

Hydrochloric acid test

• Ferric chloride

• Chloroform

• HCl

• Light-yellow/yellow

Colchicine Table:

TEST 4 (reagents and positive result)

FHT-Di-SA-SACABAP-BGYO

Fluorescence test

• Diluted Sulfuric acid

• Blue

Quinine Table:

TEST 1 (reagents and positive result)

FHT-Di-SA-SACABAP-BGYO

Herapathite Test

• Sulfuric acid

• Alcoholic solution of I2

• Green

Quinine Table:

TEST 2 (reagents and positive result)

FHT-Di-SA-SACABAP-BGYO

Thellaioquin Test

• Saturated Chlorine water

• Ammonia Excess

• Chloroform in separatory funnel

• Acetic acid 1%

• Bromine water 0.1%

• Potassium ferrocyanide 0.1%

• Ammonia

• Yellow/Orange

Quinine Table:

TEST 3 (reagents and positive result)

AC-ACB

• Ammonia

• Copper sulfate TS

w/ ammonia = colorless

w/ copper sulfate = aqua blue

w/ both = purple

Phenytoin Sodium Capsule Table:

TEST 1 (reagents and positive result)

Aspirin

• is the only acetylated salicylate used to treat arthritis pain

• is a beta hydroxy acid

• from willow bark

• a colorless or white crystal

• Sweetish acrid taste

Raffaele Piria (1838)

Salicylic acid was first prepared by the Italian chemist named?

Salicylaldehyde

Salicylic acid was first prepared by the Italian chemist Raffaele Piria in 1838 from?

• Salsalate (Disalcid)

• Sodium salicylate (Dolobid)

Examples of nonacetylated salicylates used in the treatment of arthritis

KAMA-F

• Keratolytic

• Acidulant

• Moisturizing

• Anti-acneic

• Facilitates skin penetration

Uses of Salicyclic acid

• Analgesic

• Antipyretic

Salicylic acid is formerly used as?

• Coma

• Seizures

• Hyperthermia

• Lethargy

• Tinnitus

• Metabolic acidosis

Acute ingestion of salicylates

• IV Sodium bicarbonate

• Hemodialysis

• Emergency and supportive measures

Treatment for Salicylates

Acetanilide

• A white solid, organic compound

• Used to treat fever and headache

• manufacture of fabric dyes and fabrics and textiles, as reagent in production of rubber and as hydrogen peroxide decomposition inhibitor

• Acetanil

• Acetanilid

• N-phenylacetamide

Other names for Acetanilide

Antifebrin

Acetanilide is used to treat fever and HA under a brand name of?

Aniline + Acetic anhydride

→ Acetanilide + Acetic acid

Aniline + Acetyl chloride

→ Acetanilide + HCl

NICC-R

• Nausea & vomiting

• Irregular pulse

• Cyanosis

• Chills

• Respiratory / Cardiovascular collapse

Symptoms of acetanilide

GRIM

• Gastric lavage

• Respiratory support

• Ipecac

• Methylene blue

Treatment of acetanilide

Phenylacetamide

• Structure shows analgesic and antipyretic effects

• not used directly for this application due to causing methemoglobinemia

MC-TTK

• Methemoglobinemia

• Cyanosis

• Tachycardia

• Tinnitus

• Kidney damage

Phenylacetamide Adverse effects

Methemoglobin

results from the presence of iron in the ferric form instead of the usual ferrous form. This results in a decreased availability of oxygen to the tissues

Phenacetin

• Effect of Analgesic and nephropathy

• It can cause Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis or fibrosis

• Human carcinogen (renal carcinoma)

• Disruption of cellular energetic by increasing ATP utilization or decreasing production can result in ATN

• First painrelieving and fever-reducing drug

Paracetamol

is a metabolite of phenacetinwith similar analgesic and antipyretic effects

• Acetophenetin

• Acetophenetidin

Phenacetin is also known as?

NAAC

• Negative Inotropic

• Analgesic

• Antipyretic

• Cutting agent

Uses of Phenacetin

HTN-DC

• Headache

• Tachycardia

• Nausea & vomiting

• Dyspnea

• Cyanosis

Toxicity symptoms of Phenacetin

BIG-MA

• Blood transfusion

• Ipecac

• Gastric lavage

• Methylene blue

• Activated charcoal

Treatment of Phenacetin

Colchicine

• Used to prevent or treat the symptoms of gout which is caused by increased level of uric acid in the body.

• From Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale)

• Has been used for both medicinal and nefarious purposes since ancient Greece

• Also known as “mort a chien” – Death to dogs

• Binds to tubulin and prevents its polymerization into microtubules (Antimitotic)

• DOC: Acute Gout

CRAMP

• Cramping

• Abdominal pain

• Diarrhea

• Vomiting

• Nausea

Symptoms of Colchicine

• Familial Mediterranean fever

• Behcet’s disease

Other uses of Colchicine

PIC

• Pericarditis

• IBS

• CA

off label use of Colchicine

BVRS

• Bone marrow suppression

• Respiratory distress

• Vomiting

• Severe diarrhea

Toxicity of Colchicine

VOIDS

• Vitamin K1

• Oral activated charcoal

• Inotropics

• Decontamination

• Supportive care

Treatment of Colchicine

Quinine

• Historically, the ocular toxicity of this drug was attributed to Ischemia-induced by vasoconstriction, resulting in the use of Stellate ganglion Block to relive Vasoconstriction.

• Rapidly absorbed from the GIT and toxicity is dose related

• Derived from cinchona bark

Treat leg cramps

off label use of quinine

• Malaria

• Antipyretic

• Analgesic

• Anti-inflammatory

Uses of quinine

BASHHH

• Blurred vision

• Alteration in color perception

• Seizures

• Hypotension

• Hypoglycemia

• High-tone hearing loss

Toxicity of quinine

Hypoglycemia

Blood glucose levels should be closely monitored, as this has been frequently observes in patients treated with Quinine

8-15 mg/L

Quinine-induced cinchonism appears at concentration of

2 mg/L

Ototoxicity has been reported at level as low as

SSHEAT-ml

• Supportive therapy

• Supportive measure

• Hemoperfusion

• Epinephrine

• Activated charcoal

• Torsades de pointes

  • Magnesium

  • Lidocaine

Treatment of Quinine

Phenytoin

• Most widely used prescribed anticonvulsants for Tonic-Clonic Seizure and Psychomotor seizure

• Also used as Anti-arrhythmic Drug (Class IB) in Digoxin and TCA toxicity

• was the 1 st drug found to posses potent anti-convulsant activity free from the sedative properties present in the antiseizure drugs clinically available at the time

• Hydantoin derivative that is structurally related to the Barbiturates

Fosphenytoin injection solutions

are freely soluble in water and do not contain Propylene glycol

• Diphenylhydantoin (DPH)

• 5,5-diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione

Other names of Phenytoin

NT-DC

• Nausea & vomiting

• trouble sleeping

• Dizziness

• Constipation

Side effects of phenytoin

C-CATS

• Coma

• Confusion

• Ataxia

• Tremor

• Slurred speech

Toxic effects of phenytoin

Serum phenytoin conc.

should be obtained because of the potential for delayed absorption, serial phenytoin concentrations are recommended

BeGS

• Benzodiazepines

• GI decontamination

• Supportive care

Treatment of Phenytoin