Science 9

What is science?

The study of matter and movement of God's physical creation.

What is the scientific method?

An orderly process by which scientists investigate the secrets of nature, involving observing, hypothesizing, and experimenting.

What is a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation based on observations.

What is a falsifiable hypothesis?

A hypothesis that can be proven false.

What is repeatability?

The ability for the same scientist to achieve consistent results over multiple experiments.

What is reproducibility?

The ability for different scientists to achieve the same results in their experiments.

What is an independent variable?

The factor that is changed in an experiment to test the hypothesis.

What is a dependent variable?

The factor that is observed or measured to determine the results of the experiment.

What is a controlled variable?

The factor that remains the same across all groups in an experiment.

What is an experimental group?

The group in which an experiment is tested with one independent variable.

What is a control group?

A group where the independent variable is absent.

What is a scientific theory?

A set of conclusions supported by hypotheses and repeated experimentation that explains why a law works.

What is a scientific law?

A statement grounded in a theory about what should naturally occur under a given set of conditions.

What is an axiom?

A statement accepted as true without needing to prove it.

What is bias in science?

The tendency to lean towards a particular perspective that is not necessarily based on facts.

What is technology?

The use of science to solve practical problems.

What is the engineering design process?

A process used by engineers to develop technology through problem definition, solution design, and solution evaluation.

What is a criterion?

A minimum characteristic that a design must have to function.

What are constraints?

Characteristics other than criteria that a design must have to solve a problem.

What is a prototype?

A model of a design that is used for testing.

What is inertia?

The property of matter that makes it resist changes in motion.

What is energy?

The ability to do work.

What is matter?

Anything that can be touched, smelled, or tasted.

What is density?

The ratio of mass to volume in a substance.

What is a chemical change?

A change that alters the composition of a substance.

What is a physical property?

A property that can change without changing the type of matter.

What is a physical change?

A change in a physical property of matter.

What does precision mean?

How closely a series of measurements match each other.

What does accuracy mean?

The closeness of a measurement to the actual value.

What is logic?

The study of reasoning.

What is an inference?

A conclusion based on reasoning from evidence.

What is deductive reasoning?

Reasoning from evidence to a more specific conclusion.

What is inductive reasoning?

Reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion.

What is the method of difference?

A method that involves comparing two situations where one factor differs.

What is the method of concomitant variation?

A method that involves changing one factor to observe predictable changes in another factor.

What is a fallacy?

A logical error or reasoning error.

What is circular reasoning?

A fallacy where the conclusion logically follows from the premises but assumes the conclusion is true.

What is post hoc fallacy?

The assumption that a change in one factor caused a change in another factor simply because the second change occurred after the first.

What is equivocation?

A fallacy that occurs when a term is misleadingly used with two different meanings in a single argument.

What is ad hominem fallacy?

A fallacy that attacks the person making an argument instead of the argument's facts.

What is argument from authority?

A fallacy in which an argument is based on the support of someone considered an authority.

What is the principle of causality?

The assumption that the same cause will always produce the same effect.

What is the importance of repeatability in experiments?

It assures that results can be consistently obtained by the same scientist.

What is the importance of reproducibility in experiments?

It ensures that other scientists can achieve the same results under different conditions.

What is a suitable methodology to confirm a hypothesis?

Testing through repeatable and reproducible methods.

What does it mean to control variables in an experiment?

To keep all factors the same across different experimental groups to ensure valid results.

What is the significance of using multiple experiments?

To reduce the potential for errors and confirm scientific ideas.

What is the nature of scientific laws?

They are based on empirical evidence and define what occurs under specific conditions.

What does scientific knowledge allow humans to do?

Use insights to benefit mankind and understand the world.

What is a model in science?

Any representation that provides a partial representation of something else.

What are the three major branches of science?

Life science, Earth science, and Physical science.

What is physical science?

The study of nonliving creation other than the Earth and space.

What is thermal energy?

The energy related to the temperature of an object.

What is volume?

The amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies.

What makes liquid a fluid?

It has no definite shape and can flow.

What characterizes gas as a state of matter?

Its molecules move rapidly and are not significantly affected by cohesion.

What role does mathematics play in science?

Mathematics effectively expresses physical truths and relationships.

What is the relationship between mass and inertia?

Higher mass means higher inertia.

What is the basis of all physical interactions according to physics?

The interactions between matter and energy.

What happens in a biological study of science?

Investigation of living organisms and their interactions.

What is the communication role of mathematics?

Describing relationships and concepts in science effectively.

What is a key component of scientific reasoning?

Combining known facts to discover new insights.

What constitutes strong scientific evidence?

The result of repeated observations and experiments.

What explains the limitations of science?

Bias, assumptions, and the inability to provide absolute answers.

What is meant by scientific reasoning?

Logical approaches to solving problems and making conclusions.

What does it mean for an argument to be valid?

It logically follows from its premises.

What are fallacies in scientific reasoning?

Errors that undermine the validity of an argument.

How can biases affect scientific research?

They can lead to misinterpretation of data to fit preconceived notions.

What do scientists rely on to make inferences?

Observations and evidence gathered during experiments.

What does it mean for a variable to be controlled?

Keeping it constant to isolate the effects of other variables.

Why is the control group essential in an experiment?

It serves as a baseline to compare the effects of the independent variable.

What distinguishes a law from a theory in science?

A law describes what happens, while a theory explains why it happens.

What are the uses of a prototype in the engineering design process?

To test and refine designs before finalizing them.

What is the connection between evidence and conclusions in science?

Conclusions must be supported by evidence derived from experiments.

What methodological approach often leads to the identification of cause and effect in research?

Inductive reasoning.

What is the fundamental aspect of experiments to ensure reliability?

They should be repeatable and reproducible.

What factors are considered in the engineering design process?

Criteria and constraints based on functionality and limitations.

What is the relationship between scientific assumptions and conclusions?

Assumptions can lead to misleading conclusions if untested.

In what context is the principle of causality discussed in science?

Understanding relationships and predicting outcomes based on known factors.

How do scientists define mass in terms of inertia?

As a measure of the amount of matter within an object.

What is the purpose of the scientific method?

To systematically investigate hypotheses and draw conclusions.

What is an example of a chemical property?

How a substance reacts with other substances.

What's the difference between physical and chemical change?

Physical change does not alter the substance's composition; chemical change does.

What is considered a scientific law's characteristic?

It is universally accepted based on consistent experimental results.

How is a scientific theory validated?

Through continuous experimentation and support from multiple hypotheses.

What is biomimicry in technology?

Designing solutions based on biological systems and processes.

What is a key challenge in achieving reliability in scientific experiments?

Ensuring external factors remain constant.

What defines the study of physics?

It focuses on matter, energy, and their interactions.

What do you call properties that only appear when substances undergo chemical reactions?

Chemical properties.

What is meant by 'scientific reasoning'?

The logical process used to support scientific hypotheses and theories.

What is a practical application of science in everyday life?

Technology, which applies scientific principles to solve problems.

What does the scientific method aim to demonstrate?

Whether a hypothesis can be supported or refuted by experiment.

How can scientific knowledge be applied?

To improve human life and understanding of natural phenomena.

What is an example of a physical change?

Chopping wood or dying a T-shirt.

What is the role of engineers in relation to science?

To apply scientific principles to create technology and solutions.

What do scientists rely on to support their hypotheses?

Empirical evidence gathered through experiments.

In scientific terminology, what does 'energy' refer to?

The capacity to perform work or facilitate change.

What is a significant characteristic of solids compared to liquids and gases?

Solids have a definite shape and volume.

How is the effectiveness of a design evaluated in engineering?

By how well it meets the established criteria and constraints.

What is the importance of peer review in science?

To ensure that research is scrutinized and validated by others in the field.