22 - Renal 2

A

VR: (1) Amount Filtered (2) Amount Excreted

B

VR: (1) Amount Reabsorbed (2) Amount Excreted

A

VR: (1) Amount secreted (2) Amount Excreted

A

QC: In normal urine, presence of (1) Sodium (2) Glucose

C

QC: In normal urine, presence of (1) Bicarbonates (2) Amino Acids

Loop of Henle, Collecting Tubule, and Medullary Collecting Duct

3 parts of the nephron that reaches the medullary areas

A

QC: Presence of mitochondria (1) Proximal (2) Distal Tubule

A

QC: Presence of mitochondria (1) Thick ascending LH (2) Thin Descending LH

LDT and CCD

Only parts of the nephron with multiple types of cells

PCT

Which part of the nephron does most of the reabsorption occur in?

B

QC: Sodium reabsorption in Early PCT via (1) SGLT 1 (2) SGLT 2

A

QC: Sodium reabsorption in Late PCT via (1) SGLT 1 (2) SGLT 2

A

QC: Sodium transporter in PCT (1) NHE (2) NKCC2

SGLT 2, NHE, NAA, NP, NL, NC

Enumerate the sodium transporters in the early PCT

B

QC: Affinity for Sodium (1) SGLT 2 (2) SGLT 1

A

QC: Capacity for Sodium (1) SGLT 2 (2) SGLT 1

B

QC: Cl- reabsorption (1) Early PCT (2) Late PCT

Isoosmotic

Describe the osmolarity of the fluid after going through the PCT

F; The transcellular pathway is still a passive process

T/F: Water can be reabsorbed either through the passive paracellular pathway or through the active transcellular pathway via AQP-1

A

QC: Permeability in the Thin Descending LH (1) Water (2) Solutes

Hyperosmotic

Describe the osmolarity of the fluid after going through the thin descending LH

B

QC: Permeability in the Thick Ascending LH (1) Water (2) Solutes

T

T/F: The reabsorption of solutes in the thin ascending LH is a passive process

NKCC2

Most important transporter of solutes in the TALH

Hypoosmotic

Describe the osmolarity of the fluid after going through the TALH

NCC and NaCl cotransporter

Enumerate the sodium transporters found in the Early DT

A

VR: (1) ATII (2) NaCl cotransporter activity

Hypoosmotic

Describe the osmolarity of the fluid after going through the early DT

A

QC: Presence of ROMK Channels (1) Principal cells (2) Intercalated Cells

A

VR: (1) Aldosterone (2) ENaC Activity

A

QC: Secretion of acids (1) Alpha-intercalated cells (2) Beta-intercalated cells

B

QC: Secretion of bases (1) Alpha-intercalated cells (2) Beta-intercalated cells

B

QC: pH of tubular fluid when activation of (1) Alpha-intercalated cells (2) Beta-intercalated cells

A

QC: Activation during acidosis (1) Alpha-intercalated cells (2) Beta-intercalated cells

B

QC: Activation during alkalosis (1) Alpha-intercalated cells (2) Beta-intercalated cells

A

QC: Osmolarity of tubular fluid in the late DT and CCD (1) With ADH (2) Without ADH

A

QC: Found in the capillary side of the cell (1) OAT 1 (2) OAT 4

C

QC: Found in the capillary side of the cell (1) OAT 2 (2) OAT 3

alpha-ketoglutarate

The NaDC transporter allows what molecule to reenter the cell along with sodium

OAT 4 and MRP 2

What organic anion transporters are found in the luminal side of the cell?

OCTN and MDR1

What organic cation transporters are found in the luminal side of the cell?

A

VR: (1) GFR (2) Sodium reabsorption

A

VR: (1) Sodium reabsorption (2) Water reabsorption

A

VR: (1) Capillary Oncotic pressure (2) Sodium reabsorption

A

VR: (1) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure (2) Sodium reabsorption

B

VR: (1) Capillary Hydrostatic pressure (2) Sodium reabsorption

B

VR: (1) Interstitial oncotic pressure (2) Sodium reabsorption

A

VR: (1) ATII (2) Blood vessel resistance

A

VR: (1) ATII (2) Aldosterone

A

VR: (1) ATII (2) ADH

B

VR: (1) Plasma Na (2) Renin

B

VR: (1) Blood Pressure (2) Renin

A

VR: (1) Aldosterone (2) Plasma Na

A

VR: (1) Aldosterone (2) Plasma water

A

QC: Plasma K+ during the presence of aldosterone (1) With (2) Without ATII

A

VR: (1) ADH (2) Water reabsorption

B

VR: (1) ADH (2) Plasma osmolality

A

VR: (1) ADH (2) urine osmolality

B

QC: ADH increases insertion of (1) AQP-1 (2) AQP-2 channels

B

QC: In the presence of ANP, resistance of (1) Afferent (2) Efferent arteriole

B

VR: (1) ANP (2) Aldosterone levels

A

VR: (1) Plasma ADH (2) Urine Osmolality

Countercurrent multiplier (Loop of Henle)

Responsible for establishing an interstitial osmotic gradient

Countercurrent exchanger (Vasa Recta)

Responsible for maintaining the interstitial gradient

TALH

What structure is responsible for the single effect?

Pumping out of solutes in the TALH

Primary event in step 1 AND step 3 of the countercurrent multiplier

Fluid in the thin descending limb equilibrates

Primary event in step 2 of the countercurrent multiplier

Urea

Major osmole of the urine

A

VR: (1) Urea (2) Interstitial fluid osmolality

B

QC: Gains solutes (1) Ascending (2) Descending Vasa Recta

A

QC: Gains water (1) Ascending (2) Descending Vasa Recta

A

VR: (1) Protein content (2) Urea

B

VR: (1) Blood Flow (2) Interstitial osmolality

B

VR: (1) Dopamine (2) NaCl reabsorption

B

VR: (1) Urodilatin (2) NaCl reabsorption

B

VR: (1) Uroguanylin(2) NaCl reabsorption