Psychology 20- Unit D (The Brain & Perception)

What is the human brain known as?

The body's control center

Brain Lobes

Brain Hemispheres

Corpus Callosum

Neurons

Specialized nerve cells in the nervous system, designed to communicate with other cells very quickly

Left Brain Function

Right Brain Function

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Lobotomy

A surgical operation involving incision into the prefrontal lobe of the brain, formerly used to treat mental illness

Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Division

Parasympathetic Division

Neurotransmitters

Synapse

The small gaps between neurons where neurotransmitters are released

Memorize this

Dopamine

Found in areas of the brain that manage movement, emotional arousal, learning, and memory

Acetylcholine

Functions in the parasympathetic division and helps to return increased heart rate to normal

Epinephrine

Increases heart rate and blood pressure (both a hormone and a neurotransmitter)

Serotonin

Has a role in sleep and emotional arousal. Lack of serotonin production or availability in the synapses is thought to be responsible for causing severe depression in some individuals.

What is a neurological disorder?

Any disease that involves your brain, spine, nerves

Epilepsy

Parkinson's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

The endocrine system

Consists of glands that produce and release hormones into the body

Hormones

Hormones are chemical substances that can affect body development and behavior

Progesterone

Prolactin

Estradiol

Testosterone

Testes

Sleep Stage 1 (Light Sleep)

Sleep Stage 2 (Relaxing)

Sleep Stage 3 (Deep Sleep)

Sleep Stage 4 (Deep Sleep)

Sleep Stage 5 (REM)

REM Sleep

This is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, and lots of brain activity (dreaming). It is important for memory consolidation, emotional processing, and cognitive functions like creativity and learning.

Narcolepsy

Sudden, unpredictable onset of sleep. It can be characterized as a sleep attack. It usually occurs when a person is inactive, but it can happen at inappropriate times. Such attacks usually last for 3 minutes, and the person wakes up refreshed.
Caused by a brain malfunction, a genetic disease.
Cataplexy: Occurs during times of stress, loss of all muscle control.

Cataplexy

Occurs during times of stress, loss of all muscle control.

Night Terrors

Sleepwalking

AKA

Drug

Dependent Insomnia

Sleep Apnea

Occurs when a person stops breathing during sleep and immediately wakes up. Severe apnea causes a lack of sleep. Caused by a physical obstruction in the nasal cavity or throat. May be fixed with surgery.

Instincts

Where do instincts come from?

Most psychologists agree that we are born with instincts.

How are instincts engaged?

Some instincts may be triggered by environmental cues, or when the organism reaches a certain age or level of maturity, or triggered by chemical scents.