Health Science Exam 2 Patient-Centered Care

Why do we study patient-centered care?

Ethical obligation to ensure it for patient and families, cognitive errors can disrupt, error can be based on overlearning false ideas.

How can we improve patient-centered care?

Critical thinking, research, and using the other part of the brain

To ____ is human.

care

To ___ is human

err

________ to do better? also, Human

Striving

What are the 7 elements of patient-centered care?

1. Mission and values aligned with patient goals

2. care is collaborative, coordinated, and accessible

3. physical comfort and emotional well-being are top priorities

4. patient and family viewpoints respected and valued

5. patient and family always included in decisions

6. family welcome in care setting

7. full transparency and fast delivery of information

What is cognitive error?

A mental shortcut our brain takes to deal with a lot of information quickly

_________ ______ can disrupt patient centered care

Cognitive errors

Cognitive errors are also called…

cognitive bias

Why is it called cognitive bias?

It is a pattern of “thinking” errors that are systematic, not random. They are often unintentional

People tend to not be aware of their cognitive errors until…

they are taught to recognize them

What can you do to avoid cognitive errors?

Practice catching them and challenging them

What aprt of our brain is used to catch biases?

Prefrontal cortex

What part of our brain is responsible for storing new memories?

Temporal lobe

_________ ______ affect health care

Cognitive biases

What is availability bias?

Deciding something based on the first thing that come to mind. It is often very recent or memorable experience.

What is confirmation bias in health care?

The tendency to give greater weight to data that support a preliminary diagnosis while failing to seek or dismissing contradictory evidence.

___________ _____ _____ about different social group can also negatively affect patient-centered care

Overlearned false ideas

Which groups are more than likely to be misunderstood in health care?

Rural, disabilities, LGBTQ, people of color, heavier weights, people of all ages, men, women, religious minorities, immigrants, lower socioeconomic status, all age people

On average, the research shows a pattern of a certain social groups receiving…

worse health care, that is, less patient centered-care

Most cognitive errors about social groups are…

unintentional and unconscious because of overlearned false ideas.

How many hospital closures have there been in MO since 2014?

21

What should physicians know about the causes for people who are overweight?

Often genetics, hormonal changes or imbalances, medication side effects, sleep disorders, stress, and people have tried but are not given good advice.

Why do physicians have limited knowledge on people with disabilities?

False assumptions of incompetency and lack of sexaulity and attractiveness. concerns about people with disabilities are too expensive to take care of.

Why does the risk of wrong diagnoses increase because of errors in patient-centered care?

patients get inadequate treatment, patients get delayed referrals, increased mortality rate.

What is the impact of patients feeling disrespected, not believed, misunderstood, and hurt?

health care experience is stressful, decreased trust in provider, less likely to come back for more care, and health professional effectively decreased access to healthcare.

White patients were more likely to receive better quality care than…

blacks, native americans, alaska natives, hispanics, and native hawaiians

Is there a race gene?

NO

_______ ________ that exists across humans is extremely small

Genetic diversity

Race is a ______ construct and has been since at least the 1700s

social

How to strive for better patient-centered care?

textbooks are not reinforcing false ideas and biases, watch out for radicalized medical tools and medical findings, and see/listen to the individual needs of the patients.

How can health professionals strive for better patient-centered care?

health professionals to watch out for biases, avoid making assumptions, and be methodical about asking questions to formulate a good diagnosis based on data, not on hunches.

How to improve patient centered care for all people regardless of background?

Listen and believe patients, remember the eBFR race corrections didn’t change until 2001, and more research is needed