Biological Classfication

Why do we classify organisms?

To help explain relationship relationships among organisms and to help as a memory aid.

What is a taxon?

A group of organisms that we treat as a unit

What is taxonomy?

The theory and practice of classifying organisms

Who invented the hierarchical classification of species?

Carlos Linnaeys

What did Carlos Linnaeys develop?

He developed the biological classification of system

What is a biomedical nomeclature?

It is the two name system

What is the hierarchical order of taxonomic ranks in biological classification?

KPCOFGS

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

What is the five kingdom system and who was it developed by?

It was developed by Robert Whitaker.

1= Monera - Bacteria +Archaea

2= Protista - Alge + Protozons

3= Plantae - Plants

4= Mycetae - Fungi

5= Animalia - Animals

What is the six kingdom system?

1=Bacteria

2=Archaea

3=Protista

4=Plantae

5=Mycaetae

6=Aninalia

What is a domain?

A large scale classification that reflects evolutionary relationships

What is bacteria?

True bacteria

What is archaea?

Ancient bacteria

What is eukarya?

All other organisms

What is domain one?

Domain one is bacteria, archaea, and cells

What are the different cell wall materials between bacteria and archaea?

Bacteria cell walls are made of peptidoglycan. And archaea cell walls are made of pseudopeptidoglycan

What is protebacteria?

TRUE BACTARIA. “purple bacteria”

What is cytobacteria?

TRUE BACTARIA. MOST IMPORTANT!! “blue green” and aquatic

What is spirochetes?

TRUE BACTARIA. Its a paracite and requires a host

What is chlamydis?

TRUE BACTARIA. An obligate intracellular paracite

What is frimicutes?

TRUE BACTARIA. Some can be endospore or extospore

What is Phylum : Crenacheta?

ARCHAEA. Thermophilic / Acidophilic. Known for thriving in hot, acidic, or otherwise harsh environments like hot springs, hydrothermal vents, and acidic sulfur-rich habitats.

What is Phylum : Euryacheota?

ARCHAEA. Includes organisms that live in extreme environments (high salt, high temperature, or anaerobic environments).

What are protists?

They do not fit in taxomically in other kingdoms. They arent plants, not animals, not fungi.

What is Phylum : Euglenophyta?

ERGLEMOIDS. Common in freshwater and unicellular

Ex:

What is Phylum : Dinophyta?

DINOFLAGELLATES. Unicellular and mostly marine

EX: Red Tides

What is Phylum : Bacillariophyta?

DIATOMS. Unicellular and aquatic. HIGHLY IMPORtANT to the food chain

Ex: Silica gel

What is Phylum : Phaeophya?

BROWN ALGAE. Muiticellular and all are marine. Their pigment comes from fucoxanthin

What is Phylum : Amoebozoa?

AMOEBAS. Unicellular, has a nucleus, and mostly marine

Ex: The brain eating emoeba

What is Phylum : Mycoeta?

WATER MOLDS. Unicellular and paracidic

Ex: Phytophthora intestam = resposable for over 8000000 human dealths

What is known as the kingdom Mycetae?

THE FUNGIIIIII

What are some characteristics of fungi?

ALL ARE HETROTROPIC. ALL ARE DECOMPOSERS. ALL PRODUCE SPORES. THEIR CELL WALLS HAVE CHITIN. AND SOME ARE SEPROPHGTIC, PARACIDIC, OR SYMBIOTIC

What is septate fungi?

Its an incomplete hyphae

What is coencytic fungi?

Its missing its hyphae

Why is fungi so unique?

It is extreamly tolerent compared to other organisms

What is Phylum : Chytridiomycoda?

THE CHYTRIDS. They are coenocytic, the oldest group of fungi, and aquatic

What is Phylum : Zygomycoda?

THE BREAD MOLDS. They are coenocytic and most common in mycorrhizal relationships

What is Phylum : Ascomycoda?

THE SAC FUNGI. They are septated, reproductive structure called an ascus

What is Phylum : Basidomycoeta?

THE MUSHROOMS / RUSTS. They are septated and basidium is their reporductive structure

What is the major difference between true bacteria and archaea?

Their cells walls are different.

True bacteria = Peptideoglyan

Archaea = Psedopeptidoglycan

What are the 5 Sub-kingdoms used to classify true bacteria? PCSCF

1= Protoebacteria : Rhizobium sp.

2= Cyanobacteria : Anabaena sp.

3= Spircchetes : Treponema pallidum

4= Chlamydias : Chalamydia psittaci

5= Firmicutes: Bacillus Cereus

What are the differences between two types of toxins produced by pathogenic bacteria?

Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharides. Exotoxins are proteins.

What is mycelium?

Composed of hyphae

What is hyphae?

Makes up mycelium