All unit 2 flashcards - SECTION B

How do regular inspections monitor care externally?

External bodies monitor services, including through inspections these cover:

• analysis of internal data and trends e.g. on health outcomes (how effective treatment ect could be)

• investigation of complaints

• observation of service deliveiry

• collection of service-user feedback

• interviews with staff

How to criminal investigations monitor care externally?

criminal investgations in care settings are ….

• purseud where sexual, physical, finanical or emotional abuse is suspected

• have to take account of safeguarding

• follow referrals to the police from care providers e.g. Clinical Care Comssiong Groups (CCCG) and specalised care settings e.g. prisons

• follow referals from indivuals who suspect that a crime has been committed

• may lead to the suspenstion or dismissed of care workers following an investigation

Examples of external mointoirng

• visiting/observing practice

• service user fedback - informally monitoring care through everday feedback from indiviuals recetiving care

What is a health public body?

A public body is a formally established organisation that is publicly funded to deliver a public or government service

such as GP services are public sector organisations which provided NHS services for adults and children

What is an NHS foundation trust?

Foundation Trust status is only awarded to hospitals who have shown they demonstrate the highest clinical standards, quality leadership and a great record of patient responsiveness and safety

such as the NHS foundation trusts (e.g. Great Ormond Street Hosptial for Children NHS foundatiion trust)

What do NHS foundation trusts do specificially?

• run hosptials

• proivde mental health services

• proivde community helath services

• proivde children’s health services

• work in parternship with other organsitions

what are soical care public bodies?

• local authroites (councils) are public sector organsiations which proivde social care services for adults and childre such as:

  • help in the home

  • support for carers

  • finanical support

  • equpiment to enhance independece

what specifcally do local authoires do (with reguards to social care)

• they commission organisations to provde social care services (daycare + domiciliary care)

• comisioned orgnaisations can be in the public, private or voluntary sector

• commissioned services for adult and social care included residenteal care homes and nursing homes

what is domiciliary care?

care in a person’s own home

what is partnership working?

when health and soical care organsiations work together to provde services which people needs

what does commissioning of service invovle?

• planning service provision specification - e.g. what services would consist of

• agreeing service procurement - e.g. te proccess of obtaining the necessary services

• monitioring the conintous quality assessment - e.g. checking that the services provided meet the needs of service users

give an example of commissoining

is where the NHS commissions primary healthcare services that deal with a range of physical, psychological and soical issues

what is primary care?

provdies the first point of contant e.g. going to a GP* about back pain and then your secondary care would be being reffered to a spinal clinic that only specialises on the spine.

*GPs- gives access to day-to-day services for patients and refers them to relevant specialistics where needed

4 examples of primary care-

• GP

• densit practices

• high street pharmacies

• optometrisits

What is private sector healtcare

• services are provided by businesses, which are usually run for profit

• services are often paid for by the person who uses them

examples of private healthcare providers

• boots

• BUPA

• virgn healthcare

• private sector doctors

Examples of private social care proivders

• residential care homes

• nursing homes

• conselling services

• some home-help services

what is the voulntary health sector?

• non-profit mkaing organsiations which proivde services alongside those proided by public and private sector organisations

• usually charites with paid staff as well as volunteers

examples of voulntary healthcare providers

• hospices

• macmilian cancer

• marie curie nures

• marie stropes

• sexual health service

examples of voulntary social care proivders

• age UK

• mind

• barnrdo’s

• the children’s society

• mencap

How are sexual health services support service usuers?

(an example that would invovle service users being supported in the private and voulntary sector)

• sexual health services are proivded by GPs, GUM clincs and young people services (all examples of primary care)

• they provide advice about sexually transmitted diseaes (e.g. STIs), contraception, pregnancy, sexual assult and abortion

• they proivde contraceptaies + mediation

• they are free and avaibale to everyone

• they target specific groups e.g. those at high risk of infections or pregancy

How Mencap supports people wtih learnign difficulites

(an example that would invovle service users being supported in the priavte and voulntary sector)

• mencap provides residental care for people with a learning disability

• it proivdes education services

• it trans people to work with those who have a learning disbaility

• it challenges prejudice, discimination and stigma

What types of services are avaibale in hosptials

A hospital is a healthcare setting where patients receive treatment from specialised staff and equipment

• people who specialised health needs are reffered to hosptials by thier GPs

• hosptials proivde emergency care via Accident and Emergency departments

• people who need health services have a right to choose which hostpital they attend, which team of specfialist docotrs they see (they can’t choose the indiviual) and to be invovled in decisions about their treatment

what types of service are avaibale in daycare units?

Staff in daycare units may proivde patients with an assessment of thier health needs

• surgery and other medical procedures may be carried out in daycare units

• they usually proivde services which meet the health needs of older people, people with mental ill health or people with learning disabilies, and can also proivde respite care

• daycare units can be part of the NHS but some are privately run or are proivded by charites

what is secondary care + specialists?

secondary care services are usually proivded to referred pateints by medical specialitcs. secondary care is centralised and usually takes place in hosptials

examples of secondary care-

• Cardiologists (heart and blood vessles)

• urologists (urinary tract)

• orthopaedic surgeons (treat backs e.g. Emily’s spinal fusion surgery)

• radiologits (treat illness usisng MRI’s and other medical imaging techqniues)

what do hospice staff do?

• take care of people’s physical, intellectual, emotional and soical needs (P.I.E.S)

• aim to control the pain and other symtpoms experineced by the patient through palliative care

• support carers, family members and close friends, both during a person’s illness and during beravement, after the person has died and family + friends are grieving

what is palliatve care?

Palliative care is offered to people towards the end of their lives it:

• is a multi-disciplinary appraoch to specilaised medical care for people with serious illnesses

• is active and holistic

• focuses on proividing patients with releif from symptoms and pain, and the physical and mental stress of a serious illness

• reguards as paramount the mangement of pain and other sysmptoms and provision of psychological, social and spiritual support (e.g. multi-faith team)

what is the goal of pallative care?

is to achive the best quality of life for pateints and their families

• affrim life and help people to reguard dying as a normal proccess

• offer support to help patients live as actively as possible until their death

• help relatives cope during the patient’s illness and thier own bereavement

what is residential care?

residental care settings offer a service to people who are unable to look after themselves and who don’t have family members look after them at home

residental care - personal care

people who live in residental care home receive social care or personal care from care assistants or support workers

residental care - nursing care

people in nursing homes receive helathcare from trained medical staff e.g. nurses

examples of some other residental care settings?

• care homes for adults aged 18 to 65- proivde care, support for younger adults e.g. with servre learning difficuluties, brain injury resulting from an accident or mental health problmes e.d. rehab for addtion

• residental care settings for children and adolescents - specialise in proividing support for children with physicl disabilites, learning diffiuclies or emotioanl problmes

workplace care -

• codes of practice and health and safety regulations desgined to ensure the saftey of all people who use services need to be safe and so do the people who work there

• some places of work support employees with specficifc needs e,g, limited mobility capabilies or hearing impairments

• a provision of sercives such as counselling

• a health and saftey officer might give advice on saftey at work

what are the three types of domiciliary care?

1. formal care

2. informal care

3. voluntary sector

formal domiciliary care invovles….

• care that is proivded by paid staff

• they are refeered to as home helps, care assistants or carers

• they have qualifications and undergo training to carry out their roles

informal domiciliary care invovles…

• they are proivded by family members, relatvies and friends who are not paid

• sometimes informal care is proivded by children of the serivce users

voulntary domiciliary care invovles…

• both formal and informal care is often proivded by people and services within the voulntary sector

the impact on young carers

• young carers often have to grow up fast as they take on adult roles within the family

• they may suffer from stress + isolation and the effects of poverty

• they often miss out on schooling and other opportunites which limites their long-term chances

why do carers have resbite care?

• informal carer a short break away from caring for a particualr indiviual

• to look after their own health and wellbeing

• the care act of 2014 sets out the rights of adults who proivde care

• an example of a right could be an assessmenet of their own needs even as a carer - which might include respite care

what does rebite care include-

• homecare services or residental or nursing care e.g. a carers might receive a break from providing overnight care with a replacement carer proivded in the home so that they can catch up on their own sleep

• some hospices proivde high-level respite care in the ome to give the carer a break

• the person being cared for might move into a residental or nrusing care for a shrot stay while their carer has a break, or attend some days or carer actives away from home

• supported holidays for the carer and person begn cared for might also be arranged

what are the 3 steps to the access of serivces-

1. refferal

2. assessment

3. eligibilty critera

1. refferal

step one of the access to services

• people who need healthcare usaully make an appointment with their GP, where their heatlhcare needs are assessed

• their GP may refer them to a specialist doctor in a hosptial or to medical staff at a clinc:

  • clincs prove outpatient care

  • usualy located inside of hosptials

  • e.g. cardiac issues, diabetes, nose + throat…

  • (outpatients don’t stay in hosptial overnight)

2. assessement

step two of access to services

people who may require personal care will have a needs assessment which will be carried out by social services

• their needs and how these impact on their care

• the things that matter to them e.g. help with getting dressed

• their choices of goals e.g. if they wish to take up a new activity

• the types of services, information, advice, facilites and resoruces which will prevent or delay further needs from developing, helping the person to stay well for longer

• the needs of thier family

• the limitation of cost adn service provision

3. eligibility criteria

step three of access to services

local authroites use the needs assessment to assess whether people meet the eligibility critera for person care- they consider whether the person needs:

• arise from/are realtaed to a physical or mental impairment or illness

• make them unable to achieve two or more the specified outcomes

• impact significantly on wellbeing as a result of being unable to meet these outcomes

an adult is only eligible for personal care if they meet all these of these oucomes

some examples of indivual needs that would fall under the elibibility critera for access to services - name 3 to 4

• go to the toliet appropriatley

• dress appropriately

• move around inside and outside

• access personal relationships to avoid loneliness

• access occupations such as work training or voulnteering

• use local facilites are transport

• care for others such as a child

• prepare food and drink/be able to eat it

• mainatian personal hygiene

people with specfic needs that cause difficulites in accessing services include:

• people with learning and physical disbaitlies

• people with mental ill health

• older people

• children

• refugees

• people transitioning from one sex to another

EXPLANATION:

• people with mental illhealth might not be able to ask for hlep, or they might need an advoate or miss appointments.

• a person who is unable to read would have dificulity completing forms

people wtih indivuals prefrences that coudl cuase difficulites in accessing services include:

• people with relgious and/or cultural beleifs that reject certain medicines

• people who exercise their right to be treated in a local hosptial

• women who prefer to recevie carefrom a woman

• people wth a terminal illness who choose not to have treatment

• people with mental ill health who may be unable to make decisiions for themselves at a particualr point in time

• an older person who wants to remain independent

some other factros that could potentailly affect access to services-

• social e.g people who have soical issues

• geographical

• cultural e.g. if english is not the first language

• financial e.g. some richer people hvae to pay for personal care

• child care e.g. if there is no one to look after your childrenw while you are there ect

what are charities set up to help?

a chairty is an orgnaisation set up to represent people with specific needs and provide help and supprt, often voluntarily

• providing advice + services

• raising money

• carrying out research

• representing their intrets to goverment

• preventing dismination

• challening prejduice

• changing public attidtues

• working in parternship with other organsitaions e.g. including health and soical care providers

name 4 charites that benefit the health and social care services for people in the UK + what they do to achive this

1. NSPCC- prevents child abuse + offers advice on safeguarding and preventing neglect

2. Mental Health Foundation - improves the lives of those with mental illnesees by carrying out reserch, promtes service developme and seeks to achvie good mental health for all

3. Shelter- works to reduce homelessess, advice about tenancy + renting, promotes the need for safe secure affordable homes

4. Stonewell: works to promote awareness of LGBTQ+ issues to reduce prejudice, dsicmiatnion and proivde advice surroudning sexual oridentation

what are pateint groups?

• All NHS organisations have a legal duty to invovle the public in decisions about running local health sercices some CCGs have patitent groups

• patients should be listed to and actions taken to meet their concerns

what are some of the ways can the intrests of the patients be reprsented in the patients groups:

• by governors of NHS trusts

• by Mps

• by advocates

• through comments/feedback on propsed changes to legislation or goverment policty

what do patient groups actually do?

• represent the intrests of peple with particular health needs

• proivde feeback on NHS services

• provide voulnteers

• take part in reaserch carried out by the NHS

What does an advocate do?

an advocate is a person who enables a service user to:

• express their views and conersn so that they are taken seriously

• access information and services

• defend and promote their rights and responsibilies

• explore choices and options

who can be an advocate?

• some organsations and charites have professinal advocacy services

• friends, family members and carers can acts as advocates (basically someone who knows the indivual well)

• an indivual can be an advocate on their own behalf (known as self-advoacy)

who might need an advocate?

• people wth mental ill health

• people with a learning disbaility

• children

• people whose first lagauge is not Enlgish

• people with speech difficituiles or confidence issues

name the two types of advoacy?

1. peer advoacy

2. statutory advoacy

what is peer advoacy

where people with for example mental ill health can support someone with similar problmes

what is statutory advoacy

where an individual is entitled to advoacy under the law

what 2 methods can be used to represent intrests of service users

• complaints:

  • all care settings must proivde access to compliatns procedures, which are checked in an inspection and can lead to service improvments

• whisleblowing:

  • this helps maintain best practice if a member of staff raises concern about the quality of care

what are the different steps for an inspection of a health and social care facility

1. identify the scope and purpose of that inspection

2. gather views of service users

3. gather information from staff

4. observe service delivery

5. review records

6. looks at documents and polices

7. feedback at a metting

what action is taken after the inspection?

• The service provider is graded (outstanding to inadequate/not met)

• requirements or warning notices may be given, setting out improvements required and a timescale

• Organisations and individuals may be asked to implement policy and/or practice changes

• in some instances, a provider might be required to limit the range of services or to face criminal prosecution

what action is taken in response to the inspection

providers may need to:

• Write and implement an improvement action plan

• Implement enhanced staff training, for example, to ensure familiarity with policies and codes of practice

• improve partnership working such as when services have failed to protect vulnerable children

• ensure changes to working practices for example changes to hand hygiene procedures

state 3 examples of service improvements through change in working practices

in the hospital

• Monitor compliance with hand hygiene procedures

• Store cleaning equipment correctly to avoid cross-contamination

• replace damaged theatre equipment

• provide better nutrition for patients

• complete documents accurately

• reduce delays in patient referral

state 3 examples of service improvements through change in working practices

improvements at an early years settings

• replace unsafe equipment

• promote individual development and meet individual needs

• improve record keeping

• improve partnership with parents

• provide a rich learning environment that challenges and stimulates

• improves leadership and motivates staff

what is the care quality commission?

the independent regulator of health and social care in England

what is the Care Quality Commission role is to ?

• register care providers

• take action, including legal action to protect service users

• be an independent voice

• monitor, inspect and rate services e.g.

  • nhs trusts

  • GP practices

  • nursing homes (+other residential care settings)

What would be the steps of a CQC (Care Quality Commission) inspection

The questions they ask-

1. is it safe? The service should protect service users from harm

2. is it effective? There should be evidence good outcomes and quality of life

3. is it caring? it should treat everyone with dignity and respect

4. is it responsive to people’s needs? care should be of high quality, based on indivual’s’’s needs

5. is it well led? the service should be organised to meet needs

what is the office for standards in education children’s services and skills (OFSTED)

an independent, impartial public body that reports directly to Parliament

what is OFSTEDS role?

• to achieve excellence by inspecting childcare, adoption and fostering agencies, and the initial teacher training.

• it publishes reports of its findings to help improve quality and inform policy

• it also regulates early years and children’s social care services so that they are suitable for children and vulnerable young people.

what is the care and social services inspectorate wales? (CSSIW)

the regulator for adult and childcare and social services in wales

what is the role of the care and social services inspectorate wales?

• provides independent advice about the quality and availability if social care in Wales

• safeguards adults and children, making sure that their rights are protected

• improves care by encouraging and promoting improvements in the safety, quality and availability of social care

• provides advice to the people developing policy in the public and social care sectors

what is the healthcare inspectorate wales (HIW)

the independent inspectorate and regulator of all healthcare in wales

what is the role of the healthcare inspectorate wales (HIW) - name 3 to 4

• inspects NHS and independent healthcare organisations in Wales

• focusing on how well those who may be in vulnerable situations are safeguarded

• identifying which services are effective and highlighting where services need to improve

• Investigating systematic failures in delivering healthcare

• taking immediate action if the safety and quality of healthcare do not meet required standards in wales

• informing pateints, service users and the public about the standards of healthcare in wales

what is the regulation and quality improvement authority (RQIA) for Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland’s independent health and social care regulator

what is the role of the regulation and quality improvement Authority (RQIA) for northern Ireland

• assure the quality of services provided by Northern Ireland’s HSC board, HSC trusts and agencies - through a programme of reviews

• undertake a range of responsibilities for people with mental ill health and those with a learning disability

• Register and inspect a wide range of independent and statutory health and social care services, including:

  • care homes

  • domiciliary care

  • agencies

  • day care settings

  • private dental services

what is the nursing and midwifery council/what does it do?

The NMC regulates nurses and midwives in the UK by:

• ensuring nurses and midwives have the right qualifications and skills

• setting standards of practice and behaviour

• requiring nurses and midwives to challenge discrimination, and review practice yearly

what is the general medical council/what does it do?

the GMC is an independent organisation that helps to protect patients and improve medical education and practice across the UK it:

• decides which doctors are qualified to work here, and oversees UK medical education and training

• sets the standards that doctors need to follow, and makes sure that they contiune to meet these standards throughout their careers

• takes action to prevent net doctors from putting the safety of patients or the public’s confidence in doctors at risk

what is the care council for wales and what does it do?

the CCW regulates the social care profession- it works with partners to make sure social services and childcare in Wales are of a high standard by:

• identifying roles relevant to the care sector

• requiring registration of care workers

• setting a code of professional practice

• carrying out inspections to ensure that professionals are following regulations and meeting the required standards

• recommending removal of people or roles if they fail to meet the standards

what is the northen ireland social care council and what do they do?

the NISCC is the regulatory body for the social care workforce of care workers

• requires registration of care workers

• sets out a code of practice

• requires employers to ensure that care workers follow the code of practice

• monitors and approves training and qualifications for care workers

• provides workforce development to ensure that workers follow regualtions and meet required standards

Examples of occupational standards

• receiving visitors in health and social care setting

• Providing advice and information to people who ask about health and social care

• contributing to social care during emergencies

• Supporting individuals to use medication in social care settings

• monitoring and maintaining health, safety and security of self and others

• minimising the risk of speaking infection by cleaning, disinfection and storing care equipment

what are NOS

‘National Occupational Standards’

are statements of the standards of performance individuals must achieve when carrying out functions in the workplace, together with specifications of the underpinning knowledge and understanding

what do NOS do?

• describe best practices to apply in all settings

• underpin codes of practice

what is the performance criteria for meeting visitors-

• Talk to the visitors to find out why they are visiting

• Provide support to visitor according to their needs

• Ensure that any information given to visitors is accurate

• maintain confidentiality

• Seek help if unable to deal with a situation

• Ensure the visiting area is safe

• talk to the visitor to find out why they are visiting

why do we need codes of practice?

Codes of practice are central to work in health and social care

• are essential guides to best practice

• Inform practitioners of their rights and responsibilities

• Outline the behaviours and attitudes that service users can expect from service providers

• help to achieve high-quality, safe, compassionate care and support

• Enable safety for the people who use health and social care services and for the people who work in them

what is a code of practice?

it is a set of guidelines, sometimes based on legal regulations, which explains the way members of a profession have to behave

what are the codes of practice relating to key issues in H&SC

• data protection

• confidentially

• professional conduct

• end-of-life care

• safeguarding

• health and socail care

training for health and soical care workers

health and social care workers can access different forms of continuing professional development and training at different points in their careers-

• before they become employees, workers have to gain qualifications

• Workers undertake induction before starting their jobs

• Workers undertake training while in post

• other, more experienced professionals train workers

• Workers can access training provided by their regulatory bodies

• nurses have to be revalidated every three years. As part of this, they have to complete 35 hours of CPD

• CPD is mandatory for social workers who wish to renew their registartion