Integumentary system

what is the function of the skin?

barrier to environment microbes, prevent water loss, thermoregulation, detecting sensations, vitamin D synthesis, excretion

What tissues type makes up the epidermis?

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

what tissue type is found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

areolar loose connective tissues

what tissue type is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?

dense irregular connective tissue

what tissue type is found in the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?

Adipose loose connective tissue

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Stratum Basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

What is the A, B, C, D, & E of skin cancer?

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving

The least dangerous form of skin cancer is __________ and the deadliest is __________.

basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

Basal cell carcinoma starts in the/a ___________ and squamous cell carcinoma starts in the/a ___________.

stratum basale, stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

closest to the dermis and includes keratinocytes, melanocytes

stratum spinosum

keratinocytes in this layer have spiny cell junctions and have the most abundant layer of living cells

Stratum granulosum

prevents water loss from the skin and cells begin to die un upper region of this layer

stratum corneum

the outmost layer of dead cells with increased keratinization that protects against abrasions and microbes

How do thick skin differ from thin skin?

thick skin has 5 layers and found on palms and soles of the feet

what is the most abundant cell in the skin?

keratinocytes

what is the function of keratinocytes?

replenish epithelium and make keratin

what is the function of melanocytes?

protects against UV radiation

what is the function of Langerhans cells?

phagocytose foreign substances

what is the function of Merkel cells?

detecting touch and proprioception

what determines normal skin color?

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

what stimulates the activity of melanocytes?

exposure to UV radiation

what is the papillary layer of the dermis made up of?

areolar loose connective tissue

what is the reticular layer of the dermis made up of?

dense irregular connective tissue

What forms fingerprint?

the pattern of dermal papillae ridges determines a person’s fingerprint

what are flexure lines?

protein folds near joints

what are cleavage lines?

natural orientation of proteins

what is the role of the dermis?

supports the epidermis and houses blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and secondary structures

what is the function of sensory structures of the skin?

detect stimuli depending on their location

what is the function of the exocrine glands?

thermoregulation

what is the function of apocrine glands?

reproductive signaling

what is the function of sebaceous glands?

lubricating hair and skin, prevent water loss

What do sebaceous glands produce and what can go wrong?

produce oils which can cause whiteheads, blackheads and pimples

what are hairs made of?

dead keratinized cells from follicles

what is the function of hair?

detecting sensation, protect against heat loss and sunlight, eye protection

what are nails made of and what is their function/

hard dead keratin proteins and aid in precision grip

what are the short-term dangers of burns?

water, electrolytes and protein loss

what is the long term dangers of burns?

septicemia, bacterial infection

what is the characteristics of first degree burns?

affects only the epidermis, redness, pain, swelling

What are the characteristics of second-degree burns?

affects epidermis and part of dermis, causes blisters

What are the characteristics of third-degree burns?

damage all layers of the skin

what is the Rule of Nines?

used to estimate the skin surface burned

Inflammation stage of tissue repair

blood flow increases and leads to blood clots

Granulation stage of tissue repair

fibroblasts fill the gaps with collage and macrophages clean debris

regeneration stage of tissue repair

the edge gaps fuse and thick epithelium forms