What are gametes made of?
sperm
2nd oocyte
Structures in the male reproductive system
testes
system of ducts
accessory sex glands
supporting structures like the penis
Scrotum
cutaneous out pouching of the abdomen that supports the testes
Cremaster muscle
elevates testes on exposure to colds and during arousal
warmth reverses process
Testes
paired oval glands
surrounded by dense white capsule called tunica albuginea
each filled with 2 or 3 seminiferous tubules where sperm are formed
Sertoli Cells
form blood testis barrier
support developing sperm
produce fluid and control release of sperm
Spermiogenesis
maturation of spermatids into haploid sperm cells
spermiation
release of sperm cell from a sertoli cell
Sperm morphology
head contains DNA and acrosome
midpiece contains mitochondria to form ATP
tail is flagellum used for locomotion
GnRH in males
stimulates anterior pituitary secretion of follicle, stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
LH in males
assists spermatogenesis and stimulates production of testosterone
FSH in males
initiates spermatogenesis
What happens if testosterone gets too high?
Sertoli cells produce inhibin
Puberty
hypothalamus increases its stimulation of anterior pituitary with releasing hormones (GnRH)
anterior pituitary increases secretion LH and FSH
Testosterone
controls the growth, development, functioning, and maintenance of sex organs
stimulates growth, protein anabolism, and sperm maturation
stimulates development of male secondary sex production
negative feedback systems regulate testosterone production
Sexual characteristics during puberty in men
sexual behavior and libido
male metabolism
deepening of the voice
Pathway of sperm flow
seminiferous tubules
straight tubules
rete testis
efferent ducts
ductus epididymis
ductus deferens
Epididymis
1.5in ling along posterior border of each testis
head, body and tail region
Spermatic Cord
All structures passing to and from the testes
testicular artery
pampiniform plexus of veins
autonomic nerves
lymphatic vessels
ductus deferens
cremaster muscle
Inguinal canal
2in long tunnel through the 3 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
Hernia
a rupture or separation of a portion of the abdominal wall resulting in a protrusion of a part of an organ
Seminal vesicles
pair of pouchlike organs found posterior to the base of the bladder
alkaline, viscous fluid
Cowpers Glands
paired, pea sized gland within the urogenital diaphragm
alkaline mucous
connected to spongy urethra
mucous for lubrication and an alkaline substances that neutralizes acid within urethra
Semen
mixture of sperm and seminal fluid
Erection
caused by parasympathetic reflex
sexual stimulation causes dilation of arteries supplying the penis
veins become compresses and blood is trapped
Ejaculation
sympathetic reflex
muscle contractions close sphincter at base of bladder
peristaltic contractions in the ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts and prostate propel semen into the penile portion of the spongy urethra