Imagery and the Retention of Free-Recall Learning

Flashcards based on the research article 'Imagery and the Retention of Free-Recall Learning' by Lynn Hasher, Barbara Riebman, and Frances Wren.

What is the dual-encoding hypothesis?

Objects, pictures, and concrete words can be encoded in two independent ways: a nonverbal code (an image) and a verbal code (an associate or meaning).

According to Begg, what dual advantage does the imaginal coding system have over the verbal coding system?

An image is more flexible in integrating new members into an extant unit, and each component of an image is a more effective cue for redintegrating the remaining components.

What is the redintegration hypothesis regarding memory?

Whatever small portion of the imagery-based memory remains available over time, or is cued by the experimental context, will be able to reinstate more of the original memory than can be reinstated by the remains of a verbal code.

What was compared in experiment 1 of the study?

The retention of lists of pictures with lists comprised of the verbal labels of those pictures.

What were the three types of instructions given to subjects in experiment 1?

Verbal-elaboration instructions, imagery-elaboration instructions, and standard free-recall instructions.

What was the criterion for acquisition in experiment 1?

14 out of 18 items correct plus one trial.

In experiment 1, were picture lists or word lists learned faster?

Picture lists

In experiment 1, did imagery instructions faciliate acquisition relative to standard free-recall?

No