2 A. Carl Rogers/person centered therapy

explain how person-centred therapy developed?

• Founder was Carl Rogers

His contributions:

• therapists list with sensitivity and w/o judgment

• optimistic view and self actualisation

• from pathology to seeking help

• therapist’s personal characteristics and therapeutic alliance

3 stages in the development:

1) criticised psychodynamic and behavioural; non directive counselling (clients gain insight through reflection and empathic listening)

2) therapist gives empathy, congruence and unconditional +ve regard (hallmarks); renamed client centered therapy

additional thing: created encounter groups (self actualisation groups)

3) person centered therapy because concerned with humanity

what are the key concepts?

there are 4

• human potential and actualisation

• conditions of worth

• organismic valuing process

• the fully functioning person

explain human potential and actualisation

• by abraham maslow

• innate need for growth and desire to achieve fullest potential

• self actualised are self aware, autonomous, creative and balance time

• self actualisation efforts are different

• driving force

• people require right conditions to evolve which is given by therapy

explain conditions of worth

• conditions of worth=only lovable if you act a certain way

• environment is overprotective, dominating and intimidating

• get conditional positive regard (praised only when meet expectations)

• internalise criticism and think they’re unworthy and act incongruently; become timid, inhibited and conformist or angry as adults

• unconditional +ve= self actualising and fully functioning adult

• therapy gives them climate of acceptance to promote self acceptace, agency and to rewrite one’s story

what are the personality dimensions of a fully functioning person?

there are seven

• openness

• sense of meaning

• trust and congruence in self

• unconditional +ve regard and regard for others

• internal locus of evaluation

• fully aware

• live creatively

what are the six conditions that facilitate constructive personality change for clients during therapy?

• psychological contact of two people

• clients are incongruent

• therapist is congruent (genuine)

• therapist has unconditional +ve regard

• empathy

• three hallmarks must be perceived by client

what are the therapeutic goals?

• faciliate trust and help client be in present moment

• develop congruence

• promote self awareness, empowerment, responsibility and autonomy

additional:

• clients create own goals

• they accept their own feelings without criticism

• develop courage

name the therapeutic techniques

there are two types: facilitative conditions and nondirectiveness

Facilitative conditions:

1) congruence

2) unconditional +ve regard

3) empathy

explain congruence as a therapeutic technique

• therapist who is genuine and self aware

• do not put up a professional facade

• have genuineness to promote trust, openness and modeling

• use deliberate self disclosure

• they use present moment awareness (countertransference) and state if therapy is not productive

3 types of self disclosure:

1) share personal identity and experience

2) share emotional responses

3) professional

• normalises and demystifies therapy

• drawbacks (-ve provocation, violate boundaries, fear of intimacy)