CONFLICTING NARRATIVES

Sourcing

[THINGS TO CONSIDER]
- Who made this source? Where did it come from?

Contextualizing

[THINGS TO CONSIDER]
- Imagine the setting surrounding this source: How was the world that made this source different than our own?

Corroborating

[THINGS TO CONSIDER]
What do other sources say about the information in this document? Do they agree or disagree with what this document says?

Close Reading

[THINGS TO CONSIDER]
What does the document say? Is it biased? What is the tone?

One is telling the Truth, the other is not

[CAUSES OF CONFLICTING NARRATIVES]
- Case 1

- Interpretation
- Translation
- Misunderstanding of translation or actual primary source

[CAUSES OF CONFLICTING NARRATIVES]
- Case 2

- Involvement of primary source
- Degree of attention

[CAUSES OF CONFLICTING NARRATIVES]
- Case 3

- Time of Interview
- Condition of Primary Source

[CAUSES OF CONFLICTING NARRATIVES]
- Case 4

- Multiple versions of the narrative
- Inaccessibility of all the versions

[CAUSES OF CONFLICTING NARRATIVES]
- Case 5

National Historical Commission of the Philippines

NHCP

- Delayed publication of the Antonio Pigafetta's manuscript
- Lack of access to the primary sources
- Translations
- Multiple copies with differences in content

Causes of Conflicting Beliefs in Limasawa vs Butuan

Ambrosiana

- Italian version
- Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan, Italy

Nancy Codex

- French Version
- Yale University's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library in the US

2 French Versions

Bibliothèque Nationale de France

Gian Battista Ramusio's 3-volume Delle navigationi et viaggi (1550) and Maximilianus Transylvanus' De
Moluccis Insulis

Reliance of early historians on ______ and _____.

King Charles I of Spain;
King Joao III of Portugal

Pigafetta presented his account to ______ and later to ______ but both accounts did not survive in history.

Louise de Savoy

Pigafetta gave an Italian summary to ______, mother of King Francis I of France

Jacques Antoine Fabre;
Le voyage et nauigation

_________ to translate it to French and it
came out in printed form in 1525 with the title ______.

Giovanni Battista Ramusio

This version was used by most scholars like _______ in narrating the story of the first circumnavigation of the world.

Carlo Amoretti

Pigafetta later composed a more comprehensive version of the voyage, but it remained unknown to many scholars until _____ published it in 1800

the Andrea Da Mosta transcription (1894)

the latest and more comprehensive account of Pigafetta

Trinidad Pardo de Tavera;
Pablo Pastells, SJ

_______ and _____ were the first two scholars who revisited the 1521 Easter Sunday Mass

El Comercio

Pardo de Tavera noted this in his articled published in _____ on 31 March 1895

Colin's Labor Evangelica

Pastells made the same analysis while working on his edition of ______

James Alexander Robertson

______ published a translation of the Pigafetta manuscript in 1906 using the original Ambrosiana Codex and identified the site of the mass as Limasawa.

Raleigh Ashlin Skelton

In 1969, _______ also came out with an English translation of the Nancy Codex and noted that the mass took place in an island which Pigafetta called Mazzaua.

Miguel Bernad S.J.

Who wrote the article in Kinaadman entitled "Butuan or Limasawa? The Site of the First Mass in
the Philippines: A Reexamination of the Evidences"?

William Henry Scott

Who wrote the article in the
same journal entitled "Why then the Butuan Tradition?"?

Gines de Mafra;
Francisco Albo;
"Genoese Pilot."

Accounts of other survivors of the Magellan Expedition like ____, ____ and "______"

Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera Collection of the Ateneo de Manila University's Rizal Library.

Materials on the 400th anniversary of the Magellan-Elcano expedition in 1921 from the ____.

- Site visits
- Re-reading of coordinates
- Comparisons of early and latest translations
- Geomorphological considerations

Other Means of Re-examining the Case

Possible but difficult to prove

On Concealment of the Location of the Mass

narration and
translation styles

Conflict between two codices (Ambrosiana vs Nancy) arouse because of _______, including possible intentions.

mines of gold

"pieces of gold" in the Ambrosiana Codex

"_______" in the Nancy Codex

sifting

"_______" in the Ambrosiana Codex
"digging" in the Nancy Codex