Harirforoosh Parasites

Define a parasite

an organism that lives inside another living organism

Differentiate between endoparasites and ectoparasites

endoparasites: live inside the host ectoparasite: lives on the host

What type of protozoa can cause infection in humans

amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis

What are some symptoms for amebiasis

loose foul smelling diarrhea, enlargement of liver

What medications are used to treat amebiasis

luminal infection:

• iodoquinol/yodoxin

• dilazanide furoate/furamide

• paromomycin/humatin

tissue infection:

• metronidazole

• dehydroemetine

• chloroquine

What are some symptoms of giardiasis

asymptomatic or water diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, anorexia, n/v

Treatment for giardiasis

metronidazole, tinidazole (tindamax) nitazoxanide (alinia), if pregnant use paromomycin

What are symptoms for trichomoniasis

male: asymptomatic female: vaginitis, foul discharge, itching

What is the treatment for trichomoniasis

metronidazole and tinidazole

List helminths

nematode (round) cestode (tape) trematode (fluke)

What commonly causes hookworm

ancylostoma duodenale or necator americanus

What are the symptoms of hookworm infection

minimal: intestinal inflammation + iron deficient anemia

What is the treatment for hookworm

mebendazole alt: albendazole

What is the brand name for mebendazole

vermox

What is the MOA of mebendazole

bind to beta tubulin in worm to prevent microtubule polymerization

What causes roundworm

ascaris lumbricoides

What are symptoms caused by roundworm

migration through lungs: cough, fever, pneumonitis abdominal discomfort/obstruction vomiting

What is the treatment for roundworm

mebendazole alt: albendazole

What is the cause of enterobiasis

pinworm

What is treatment for pinworm

mebendazole

What causes tapeworm

taenia solium

What are symptoms for tapeworm

minimal unless tissue infection

Treatment for tapeworm

cysticercosis (from undercooked food) not treated, live worms: albendazole or praziquantel

Praziquantel MOA

paralyzes adult and larvae of tapeworm

List ectoparasitic infections

scabies, pediculosis

What is treatment for scabies

5% permethrin (elimite) topical

What is treatment for lice

1% permethrin (nix) topically