Antimicrobial Drugs

Levofloxacin Brand Name

Levaquin

Levofloxacin Class

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic

Levofloxacin Indications

-bone & joint infections
-dental work
-infectious diarrhea
-UTIs
-sinusitis
-upper respiratory infections/pneumonia

Levofloxacin Method of Action

Antagonizes an enzyme required for DNA synthesis, causing DNA breakage & cell death

Ciprofloxacin Brand Names

Cipro, Proquin

Ciprofloxacin Class

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic

Ciprofloxacin Indications

-bone & joint infections
-dental work
-infectious diarrhea
-UTIs
-sinusitis
-upper respiratory infections/pneumonia

Ciprofloxacin Method of Action

Antagonizes an enzyme required for DNA synthesis, causing DNA breakage & cell death

Amoxicillin Brand Names

Amoxil, Trimox

Amoxicillin Class

Penicillin Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Amoxicillin Indications

-abscesses
-meningitis
-UTIs
-otitis media
-pneumonia
-respiratory infections
-prophylaxis

Amoxicillin Method of Action

Prevents bacteria from forming a cell wall

Penicillin V Potassium Brand Name

Beepen VK

Penicillin V Potassium Class

Penicillin Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Penicillin V Potassium Indications

-abscesses
-meningitis
-UTIs
-otitis media
-pneumonia
-respiratory infections
-prophylaxis

Penicillin V Potassium Method of Action

Prevents bacteria from forming a cell wall

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid Brand Name

Augmentin

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid Class

Penicillin Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid Indications

-abscesses
-meningitis
-UTIs
-otitis media
-pneumonia
-respiratory infections
-prophylaxis

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid Method of Action

Prevents bacteria from forming a cell wall

Azithromycin Brand Name

Zithromax

Azithromycin Class

Macrolide Antibiotic

Azithromycin Indications

-otitis media
-pneumonia
-STDs

Azithromycin Method of Action

Prevents bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis

Clarithromycin Brand Name

Biaxin

Clarithromycin Class

Macrolide Antibiotic

Clarithromycin Indications

-otitis media
-pneumonia
-STDs

Clarithromycin Method of Action

Prevents bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis

Doxycycline Brand Names

Vibramycin, Adoxa

Doxycycline Class

Tetracycline Antibiotic

Doxycycline Indications

-acne
-bronchitis
-malaria
-periodontitis
-rosacea
-STDs

Doxycycline Method of Action

Inhibits protein synthesis within cell wall

Tetracycline Brand Names

Sumycin, Ala-Tet, Brodspec

Tetracycline Class

Tetracycline Antibiotic

Tetracycline Indications

-acne
-bronchitis
-malaria
-periodontitis
-rosacea
-STDs

Tetracycline Method of Action

Inhibits protein synthesis within cell wall

Cefdinir Brand Name

Omnicef

Cefdinir Class

Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Cefdinir Indications

-prophylaxis
-respiratory infections
-pneumonia
-dental procedures
-genitourinary tract infections

Cefdinir Method of Action

Inhibits protein synthesis within cell wall

Cephalexin Brand Name

Keflex

Cephalexin Class

Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Cephalexin Indications

-prophylaxis
-respiratory infections
-pneumonia
-dental procedures
-genitourinary tract infections

Cephalexin Method of Action

Inhibits protein synthesis within cell wall

Cefuroxime Brand Name

Ceftin

Cefuroxime Class

Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Cefuroxime Indications

-prophylaxis
-respiratory infections
-pneumonia
-dental procedures
-genitourinary tract infections

Cefuroxime Method of Action

Inhibits protein synthesis within cell wall

Clindamycin Brand Name

Cleocin

Clindamycin Class

Misc. Antibiotic

Clindamycin Indications

-acne
-dental prophylaxis
-anaerobic infections (i.e. intra-abdominal infections)
-bone infections

Clindamycin Method of Action

Inhibits protein synthesis

Nitrofurantoin Brand Names

Macrobid, Macrodantin

Nitrofurantoin Class

Misc. Antibiotic

Nitrofurantoin Indications

Prevents & treats UTIs

Nitrofurantoin Method of Action

Interferes with metabolism & cell wall synthesis

Metronidazole Brand Name

Flagyl

Metronidazole Class

Antibiotic/Antiprotozoal

Metronidazole Indications

-trichomoniasis
-amebiasis
-inflammatory lesions of rosacea
-bacterial infections
-prevents postoperative infections

Metronidazole Method of Action

Inhibits protein synthesis by interacting with DNA & causes a loss of helical DNA structure & strand breakage

Mupirocin Brand Name

Bactroban

Mupirocin Class

Topical Antibiotic

Mupirocin Indications

Skin infections (i.e. impetigo, nasal infections)

Mupirocin Method of Action

Primarily inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Chlorhexidine Brand Names

BetaSept, ChloraPrep

Chlorhexidine Class

Disinfectant/Antiseptic

Chlorhexidine Indications

Cleans the skin after injury, before surgery, or before an injection

Chlorhexidine Method of Action

Disrupts the cell walls & membranes of microorganisms

Hydroxychloroquine Brand Name

Plaquenil

Hydroxychloroquine Class

Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (DMARD), Antimalarial

Hydroxychloroquine Indications

-prophylaxis of malaria where chloroquine resistance is not reported
-treatment of uncomplicated malaria (caused by P. falciparum, P. malaria, P. ovale, or P. vivax)
-chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
-systemic lupus erythematosus
-acute rheumatoid arthritis
-chronic rheumatoid arthritis
-control symptoms of lupus erythematosus (lupus; SLE)

Hydroxychloroquine Method of Action

Exact MOA unknown; shown to accumulate in malarial lysosomes, raising the pH of the vacuole

Valganciclovir Brand Name

Valcyte

Valganciclovir Class

Antiviral

Valganciclovir Indications

Treats CMV retinitis in AIDS patients; will not cure CMV but helps control the infection

Valganciclovir Method of Action

Suppresses DNA synthesis in infected cells by causing chain termination

Oseltamivir Brand Name

Tamiflu

Oseltamivir Class

Antiviral

Oseltamivir Indications

Treats acute, uncomplicated influenza A & B infection in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours

Oseltamivir Method of Action

Involves inhibiting the enzyme neuraminidase (NA), which is essential for the replication of the influenza virus

Acyclovir Brand Names

Zovirax, Sitavig

Acyclovir Class

Antiviral

Acyclovir Indications

-chickenpox
-shingles
-herpes virus infections of the genitals, skin, brain, & mucous membranes (lips & mouth)
-widespread herpes virus infections in newborns

Acyclovir Method of Action

Specific inhibitor of herpes virus DNA polymerase

Emtricitabine/Tenofovir/Efavirenz Brand Name

Atripla

Emtricitabine/Tenofovir/Efavirenz Class

Antiviral

Emtricitabine/Tenofovir/Efavirenz Indications

Treats HIV; does not cure HIV or AIDS, but can slow the disease progress & prolong life

Emtricitabine/Tenofovir/Efavirenz Method of Action

Target & inhibit the activity of reverse transcriptase (enzyme essential for HIV replication

Fluconazole Brand Name

Diflucan

Fluconazole Class

Antifungal

Fluconazole Indications

-vaginal candidiasis (yeast infections due to Candida)
-oropharyngeal & esophageal conditions

Fluconazole Method of Action

Believed to work by affecting fungal cellular membrane

Clotrimazole Brand Name

Lotrimin

Clotrimazole Class

Antifungal

Clotrimazole Indications

Broad-spectrum antifungal medication; treats various fungal & yeast infections
Cures most athlete's foot, jock itch, & ringworm

Clotrimazole Method of Action

Primarily damages the permeability barrier in the fungal cytoplasmic membrane

Ketoconazole Brand Name

Nizoral

Ketoconazole Class

Antifungal

Ketoconazole Indications

-athlete's foot/ringworm of the foot (tinea pedis)
-ringworm of the body (tinea corporis)
-ringworm of the groin/jock itch (tinea cruris)
-seborrheic dermatitis/"sun fungus" (tinea versicolor; pityriasis versicolor)
-yeast infection of the skin (cutaneous candidiasis)

Ketoconazole Method of Action

Believed to affect the fungal cellular membrane