ap world history first test - post classical period

East asia religions

confucianism and buddhism

Dar al-Islam innovations

algebra, trigonometry

3 main networks of exchange

Trans-saharan trade, Indian ocean trade, Silk Roads (in asia)

Mongol Empire

After the death of its founder Chinggis Khan, it broke into smaller imperial states known as Khanates.

Networks of exchange led to the diffusion of crops like

Champa rice, increased the population of East asia

2 characteristics of confucianism in song china

filial piety, self-cultivation, order, stability

2 characteristics of buddhism in song china

middle way, nirvana, dharma

Two ways agricultural innovations like Champa rice benefited east Asia

Could be harvested faster, farmers profited more, more calories, doubled population

two examples of china influencing japan or korea

confucianism and buddhism beliefs, and the civil service exam

Following centuries of domination by Arabs and Persians,

the Turks came to dominate Dar al-Islam.

3 ways that islam spread across afro-eurasia

trade/merchants, sufi missionaries, military expansion

house of wisdom

preservation of ancient greek texts, poetry, philosophy, and history

what is one advancement from dar al-islam (math)

algebra/trigonometry

The two largest states in the Americas in this period were the

Inca in the Andes Mountains and the Aztec (or Mexica) in central Mexico.

Describe how the Incan Mit'a System worked

A coerced labor system used by Inca, most males in Incan society had to take their mit'a (turn) in working on projects to benefit the state (roads, war, agriculture, etc.) for a few months each year

African political history in this period was initially dominated by the West African Empire of ...

Mali

religious cause of mansa musa journey to mecca

Was a devout muslim completing the Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca

describe functions of caravanserais along the Silk roads

Way stations along trade routes, stored goods for merchants, overnight protection from bandits, centers for culture exchange.

Effects of the silk roads on cities like Samarkand and Kashgar

These cities developed along the silk roads. They provided centers for trade, cultural diffusion, belief systems, technologies, and other transfers like papermaking. Grew into major hubs of trade due to locations.

East asia stuff:

printing, gunpowder, papermaking

Middle east stuff:

Astrolabe, algebra

Central/east asia

Bubonic plague

dhow ships - purpose impact to the indian ocean trade

Larger ship designs like the ming treasure fleets or dhow ships allowed for greater volume of trade

Timbuktu

Caravans would go to the city to trade after crossing the Sahara Desert

The religion that played the largest role in linking Sub-Saharan Africa to the rest of Afro-Eurasia was

Islam

Describe how buddhism in east asia impacted the region that spread in: Buddhism in East Asia

Spread across the networks of exchange and became the most important belief system.

Describe how buddhism in east asia impacted the region that spread in: Hinduism/Buddhism in SE Asia:

Spread from India; first Hinduism, then Buddhism, both helped lay the cultural foundation in the region.

Zheng He - where he traveled

East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, East Africa

Marco Polo - where he traveled

Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia

Ibn Battuta - impact

His Rihla is the most complete travel log of any traveler of his time. His descriptions of life in Africa/Asia provide historians with a huge wealth of information.

Disaporic Communities

Merchants living far from their homeland often established diasporic communities where they introduced their culture to new places and were, in turn, impacted by indigenous culture.

Describe one political impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire - Middle East

The Mongol expansion into the Middle East led to the end of the Abbasid Caliphate following the fall of Baghdad in 1258.

Describe one political impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire - East Asia

The Mongol expansion led to the downfall of both the Jin and Song dynasties. They were replaced with the (Mongol led) Yuan Dynasty

Describe one political impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire - Russia

The Mongol expansion into Eastern Europe saw the Kievan Rus (first East Slavic state) destroyed by the Mongols and later ruled by the Golden Horde

East asia dynasty

Song dynasty

Middle east is also called

Dar al-Islam

China inoovations

Gunpowder and champa rice

Trade routes increased...

luxury goods like silk and porcelain, and the transfer of knowledge

Muslim merchants

Dominated many trade routes, specifically the trans-Saharan trade routes due to religious connections and the creation of diasporic communities

Chinggis Khan

Founder of the mongol empire

Networks of exchange led to the spread of belief systems like

Buddhism in east asia, islam in africa and asia.

Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo

recorded there experiences traveling

spread of pathogens from the networks of exchange

Bubonic plague

CIvil service exam

song dynasty test that appointed people to positions in the imperial bureaucracy

Song dynasty lost the mandate of heaven and their rule of China was ended by the invasion of the

mongols

what is one advancement from dar al-islam (literature)

house of wisdom

one cause and effect of the siege of baghdad in 1258

cause: rapid expansion of mongol empire across networks of exchange \ effect: end of the abbasid caliphate, destruction of baghdad and house of wisdom

South & Southeast Asia were dominated by three belief systems:

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.

Identify one example of each of the following states in South/Southeast Asia, hindu and buddhist

hindu - rajput \ buddhist sinhala

The most influential sultanate in South Asia during this period (where Ibn Battuta spent several years as a judge)

Delhi Sultanate.

economic cause of mansa musa journey to mecca

Crashed economy of Cairo & Alexandria causing huge inflation

two most iemportant natural resources exported from sub-aharan africa were...

salt and gold

Mamluk Sultanate

State formed by former slaves and was responsible for keeping the Mongols from reaching Africa?

europe was very ____ during this period

decentralized

what system dominated europe

fuedal system, fuedalism

what system organized daily structures of life in europe

manorial system - how land was managed

Describe how the invention of paper money affected the networks of exchange

Allowed merchants to trade more easily because they didn't have to carry large coins metals to trade. Paper money representing wealth in a bank or financial institution allowed trade to flow more fast

Compass/astrolabe - purpose impact to the indian ocean trade

to help navigators known therei location and direction of their journeys - allowed navigators to more accurately reach there distinations, speeding up te rate of trade along the routes

lateen sails- purpose impact to the indian ocean trade

Allowed for more direct travel and ability to sail directly in to the wind - navigators were no longer held at bay by windows so it sped up the rate of trade

effects of zheng he's voyages

went on a pilgrimage to mecca to help spread islam. Visited many tributary kingdoms while helping the ming realize that exploration in the indian ocean was too costyle. voyages were canceled after his death

Navigators use there knowledge of the environment including _____ to travel and trade long distances

monsoon winds( or winds or ocean currents)

How did camel saddles benefit trans-Saharan merchants

Camel saddles allowed camel caravans to drastically increase the amount of goods that could be traded along the networks of exchange

Malian Empire

Flourished on the trans-saharan trade route under the leadship of Mansa Musa

Describe how buddhism in east asia impacted the region that spread in: Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa/Asia

Culturally tied the sub-Saharan world to Dar al-Islam via the trans-Saharan trade route

Ibn battuta - where he traveled

All of africa and asia

Zheng He - impact

He collected tribute for China from several different kingdoms in the regions he traveled to and also helped to spread Islam across the Indian Ocean trade route

Marco Polo - impact

His accounts of living with the Mongols and Kublai Khan as they ruled over China provide historians with an outside account of Mongol life in China.

The diffusion of crops like ______ helped increase and diversify caloric intake for those populations

champa rice, bananas, citrus fruits,

The Mongols followed the _____ to quickly conquer most of asia using horses and ______

Silk Roads and bow or arrow/gunpowder

Pax Mongolica

period of peace within the Mongol Empire which helped facilitate safe, widespread trade, transferred countless technologies and religions, connected much of the known world, and arguably helped cause the world into the early-modern period.

One reason why the mongols could be argued to have not caused in the early-modern period (if the mongols didn't do it, who\what did?)

Could be argued that the mongols did not actively cause in a new era but simply expanded on an empire by conquest which was the center to there culture and then happened to increased global connectivity and exchange of innovations as a result. Could also be argued that the age of exploration shortly after this period caused in the early modern period by opening the world to established empires/regions and increasing connectivy worldwide.

SAQ Formula

TEA - topic sentence, explanation of evidence, anaylsis

One technological and one cultural transfer that the Mongols encouraged across there vast emprire

Expanded the size and scope of trade along the silk roads. Tech: gunpowder, compass, astrolabe, paper money, astronomy. Cultural: Spread of beliefs systems like Islam and Buddhism and literature and philosophy