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East asia religions
confucianism and buddhism
Dar al-Islam innovations
algebra, trigonometry
3 main networks of exchange
Trans-saharan trade, Indian ocean trade, Silk Roads (in asia)
Mongol Empire
After the death of its founder Chinggis Khan, it broke into smaller imperial states known as Khanates.
Networks of exchange led to the diffusion of crops like
Champa rice, increased the population of East asia
2 characteristics of confucianism in song china
filial piety, self-cultivation, order, stability
2 characteristics of buddhism in song china
middle way, nirvana, dharma
Two ways agricultural innovations like Champa rice benefited east Asia
Could be harvested faster, farmers profited more, more calories, doubled population
two examples of china influencing japan or korea
confucianism and buddhism beliefs, and the civil service exam
Following centuries of domination by Arabs and Persians,
the Turks came to dominate Dar al-Islam.
3 ways that islam spread across afro-eurasia
trade/merchants, sufi missionaries, military expansion
house of wisdom
preservation of ancient greek texts, poetry, philosophy, and history
what is one advancement from dar al-islam (math)
algebra/trigonometry
The two largest states in the Americas in this period were the
Inca in the Andes Mountains and the Aztec (or Mexica) in central Mexico.
Describe how the Incan Mit'a System worked
A coerced labor system used by Inca, most males in Incan society had to take their mit'a (turn) in working on projects to benefit the state (roads, war, agriculture, etc.) for a few months each year
African political history in this period was initially dominated by the West African Empire of ...
Mali
religious cause of mansa musa journey to mecca
Was a devout muslim completing the Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca
describe functions of caravanserais along the Silk roads
Way stations along trade routes, stored goods for merchants, overnight protection from bandits, centers for culture exchange.
Effects of the silk roads on cities like Samarkand and Kashgar
These cities developed along the silk roads. They provided centers for trade, cultural diffusion, belief systems, technologies, and other transfers like papermaking. Grew into major hubs of trade due to locations.
East asia stuff:
printing, gunpowder, papermaking
Middle east stuff:
Astrolabe, algebra
Central/east asia
Bubonic plague
dhow ships - purpose impact to the indian ocean trade
Larger ship designs like the ming treasure fleets or dhow ships allowed for greater volume of trade
Timbuktu
Caravans would go to the city to trade after crossing the Sahara Desert
The religion that played the largest role in linking Sub-Saharan Africa to the rest of Afro-Eurasia was
Islam
Describe how buddhism in east asia impacted the region that spread in: Buddhism in East Asia
Spread across the networks of exchange and became the most important belief system.
Describe how buddhism in east asia impacted the region that spread in: Hinduism/Buddhism in SE Asia:
Spread from India; first Hinduism, then Buddhism, both helped lay the cultural foundation in the region.
Zheng He - where he traveled
East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, East Africa
Marco Polo - where he traveled
Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia
Ibn Battuta - impact
His Rihla is the most complete travel log of any traveler of his time. His descriptions of life in Africa/Asia provide historians with a huge wealth of information.
Disaporic Communities
Merchants living far from their homeland often established diasporic communities where they introduced their culture to new places and were, in turn, impacted by indigenous culture.
Describe one political impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire - Middle East
The Mongol expansion into the Middle East led to the end of the Abbasid Caliphate following the fall of Baghdad in 1258.
Describe one political impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire - East Asia
The Mongol expansion led to the downfall of both the Jin and Song dynasties. They were replaced with the (Mongol led) Yuan Dynasty
Describe one political impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire - Russia
The Mongol expansion into Eastern Europe saw the Kievan Rus (first East Slavic state) destroyed by the Mongols and later ruled by the Golden Horde
East asia dynasty
Song dynasty
Middle east is also called
Dar al-Islam
China inoovations
Gunpowder and champa rice
Trade routes increased...
luxury goods like silk and porcelain, and the transfer of knowledge
Muslim merchants
Dominated many trade routes, specifically the trans-Saharan trade routes due to religious connections and the creation of diasporic communities
Chinggis Khan
Founder of the mongol empire
Networks of exchange led to the spread of belief systems like
Buddhism in east asia, islam in africa and asia.
Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo
recorded there experiences traveling
spread of pathogens from the networks of exchange
Bubonic plague
CIvil service exam
song dynasty test that appointed people to positions in the imperial bureaucracy
Song dynasty lost the mandate of heaven and their rule of China was ended by the invasion of the
mongols
what is one advancement from dar al-islam (literature)
house of wisdom
one cause and effect of the siege of baghdad in 1258
cause: rapid expansion of mongol empire across networks of exchange \ effect: end of the abbasid caliphate, destruction of baghdad and house of wisdom
South & Southeast Asia were dominated by three belief systems:
Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.
Identify one example of each of the following states in South/Southeast Asia, hindu and buddhist
hindu - rajput \ buddhist sinhala
The most influential sultanate in South Asia during this period (where Ibn Battuta spent several years as a judge)
Delhi Sultanate.
economic cause of mansa musa journey to mecca
Crashed economy of Cairo & Alexandria causing huge inflation
two most iemportant natural resources exported from sub-aharan africa were...
salt and gold
Mamluk Sultanate
State formed by former slaves and was responsible for keeping the Mongols from reaching Africa?
europe was very ____ during this period
decentralized
what system dominated europe
fuedal system, fuedalism
what system organized daily structures of life in europe
manorial system - how land was managed
Describe how the invention of paper money affected the networks of exchange
Allowed merchants to trade more easily because they didn't have to carry large coins metals to trade. Paper money representing wealth in a bank or financial institution allowed trade to flow more fast
Compass/astrolabe - purpose impact to the indian ocean trade
to help navigators known therei location and direction of their journeys - allowed navigators to more accurately reach there distinations, speeding up te rate of trade along the routes
lateen sails- purpose impact to the indian ocean trade
Allowed for more direct travel and ability to sail directly in to the wind - navigators were no longer held at bay by windows so it sped up the rate of trade
effects of zheng he's voyages
went on a pilgrimage to mecca to help spread islam. Visited many tributary kingdoms while helping the ming realize that exploration in the indian ocean was too costyle. voyages were canceled after his death
Navigators use there knowledge of the environment including _____ to travel and trade long distances
monsoon winds( or winds or ocean currents)
How did camel saddles benefit trans-Saharan merchants
Camel saddles allowed camel caravans to drastically increase the amount of goods that could be traded along the networks of exchange
Malian Empire
Flourished on the trans-saharan trade route under the leadship of Mansa Musa
Describe how buddhism in east asia impacted the region that spread in: Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa/Asia
Culturally tied the sub-Saharan world to Dar al-Islam via the trans-Saharan trade route
Ibn battuta - where he traveled
All of africa and asia
Zheng He - impact
He collected tribute for China from several different kingdoms in the regions he traveled to and also helped to spread Islam across the Indian Ocean trade route
Marco Polo - impact
His accounts of living with the Mongols and Kublai Khan as they ruled over China provide historians with an outside account of Mongol life in China.
The diffusion of crops like ______ helped increase and diversify caloric intake for those populations
champa rice, bananas, citrus fruits,
The Mongols followed the _____ to quickly conquer most of asia using horses and ______
Silk Roads and bow or arrow/gunpowder
Pax Mongolica
period of peace within the Mongol Empire which helped facilitate safe, widespread trade, transferred countless technologies and religions, connected much of the known world, and arguably helped cause the world into the early-modern period.
One reason why the mongols could be argued to have not caused in the early-modern period (if the mongols didn't do it, who\what did?)
Could be argued that the mongols did not actively cause in a new era but simply expanded on an empire by conquest which was the center to there culture and then happened to increased global connectivity and exchange of innovations as a result. Could also be argued that the age of exploration shortly after this period caused in the early modern period by opening the world to established empires/regions and increasing connectivy worldwide.
SAQ Formula
TEA - topic sentence, explanation of evidence, anaylsis
One technological and one cultural transfer that the Mongols encouraged across there vast emprire
Expanded the size and scope of trade along the silk roads. Tech: gunpowder, compass, astrolabe, paper money, astronomy. Cultural: Spread of beliefs systems like Islam and Buddhism and literature and philosophy