Smartbook Chapter 3 Cells Qs

Body cells that differ in three dimensional form typically have _____

Different functions

The cytoplasm contains protein rods, and tubules that form a structural framework called the ______

cytoskeleton

An organelle called the ______ functions in protein synthesis

Ribosome

True or False:

Cells in the human body vary in structure and function

True

-distinctive shapes of cells determine their specific functions

which cell structure acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

the plasma membrane

What is found in the cytoplasm?

Organelles, Cytosol, Cytoskeleton

What are ribosomes made of?

Protein and RNA

What is the function of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis

Which are characteristics of vesicles?

• they are membranous sacs

• they may contain substances that have been produced by other organelles

• they may contain substances that have just entered the cell

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of protein and lipid molecules?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

What are the functions of the cell membrane in a human cell?

• it is selectively permeable barrier

• it is the site of protein synthesis

• it is the sight of signal transduction

Within the cytoplasm, what is the clear liquid in which organelles are suspended?

Cytosol

The mitochondrion is known as the _______ of the cell as it produces ______

Powerhouse; ATP

The endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in synthesizing, which two organic molecules?

Proteins and lipids

The nucleus contains ______, which directs all cell activities

DNA

The random movement of atoms, molecules, or ions in air or liquid, from areas of higher concentration to areas of low concentration, is called simple ____

Diffusion

Cell membrane is _____ permeable

selectively

Which organelle houses the genetic material of the cell and direct all cell activities?

nucleus

The passive transport mechanism in which molecules or ions move via carrier or channel proteins from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called ________

Facilitated diffusion

If filtration, a solution is pushed through a membrane by ______

Pressure

The difference between active and passive transport is that active mechanism always require _____

Energy expenditure

the active transport mechanism required energy in order to move substance from regions of ______ concentration to region of ________ concentration

Lower ; Higher

Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of _____ Concentration to areas of______ Concentration

Higher; Lower

The passive transport mechanism in which small salutes are forced through a membrane by exerting pressure is known as

Filtration

Which process brings large particles into the cell in a vessel formed from a portion of the cell membrane?

Endocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf _____ from the extracellular fluid

Sold particles

The process by which vessels carrying substances made in the cell fuse with the cell membrane and release those substances outside the cell is called ____

Exocytosis

Active transport is a process that moves particles through a membrane from region of ______ concentration to a region of ________ concentration

Lower ; higher

Active Mechanisms

Active Transport (ions and amino acids thru membrane)

Endocytosis (large molecules)

• phagocytosis (sold particles)

• Pinocytosis (liquid droplets)

Exocystosis (releasing outside of cell)

Transcytosis (HIV crossing)

The form of cell division that occurs only in cells that give rise to sex cells is called _____

Meiosis

Passive Mechanism

-Diffusion (oxygen and carbon dioxide in lungs)

-Facilitated Diffusion (glucose through cell membrane)

-Osmosis (Distilled water entering a cell)

-Filtration (pressure)

The type of active transport mechanism in which large molecules or particles are conveyed by a vesicles into the cell is known as ______

endocytosis or phagocytosis

The process by which solid particles enter cells and vesicles made from portion of the cell membrane is called ____

Phagocytosis

And somatic cell division, the nucleus undergoes a four stage process called

Mitosis

The type of endocytosis in which a cell membrane engulfs solid particles from its surrounding is called _____

Phagocytosis

what is a stem cell?

an undifferentiated so that can divide

Exocytosis uses ______ to move substances_____ the cell

Vesicles; OUT of

_______ reduces the chromosome number by half and leads to the production of sperm or eggs

Meiosis

Which chromosomal division process occurs in somatic cells and produces two daughter cells from an original cell?

Mitosis

Membranes sacs containing substances that were produced in the cell, such as neurotransmitters or hormones, are called

Vesicles