Week 1 - Radiography & Ultrasound Intro

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24 Terms

1
Why do we use imaging?
Identify disease, identify lack of disease, allow planning of treatment/further investigation, monitor progress, determine prognosis, screening
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2
X-Ray definition
Photon of ionizing electromagnetic radiation
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3
Radiograph definition
Image of an object produced by exposing to radiation (Made by X-Ray)
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4
What happens when more X-rays reach the film?
There is an increase in film blackening
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5
Tissue Radio-Opacity gradient

White → Black

Metal>Bone>Soft Tissue/Fluid>Fat>Gas

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6
Types of image detections for X-Rays
Film, film//screen, digital radiography
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7
Cons of Radiograph
2-dimensional shadow of 3-dimensional structure, need multiple pictures to get 3D
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8
What areas cannot be seen with Radiographs?
Spinal cord, kidney, bladder
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9
How are projections named?
Direction x-ray beam travels through patient, side patient is lying on (ex: cranio-caudal, right lateral recumbency)
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10
What is the proper orientation when looking at radiographs?
Patient's head on our left or their right on our left
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11
Pros of Ultrasounds
Good for soft tissues, safe, non-invasive, cheap, rapid, real-time imaging
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12
Cons of Ultrasounds
Poor for viewing bone and gas, need to clip hair, takes practice to understand what is being seen
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13
What is an ultrasound?
Sound waves from a machine that bounce off of bone or tissues or fat (etc) and get registered on a machine
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14
What is the velocity of sound in objects that you might scan?
  • Air = 331m/s

  • Fat = 1450m/s

  • Fluid & soft tissue = 1540m/s

  • Bone = 4080m/s

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15
What can happen when the ultrasound beam hits a tissue?
Reflected, refracted/scattered, or transmitted
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16
What is the relationship between Frequency, Resolution, and Depth in Ultrasounds?

Higher frequency = higher resolution = shallower depth

Lower frequency = lower resolution = deeper depth

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17
Name some transducer types
Sector/phased Array, Linear Array, Curvilinear Array
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18
What is B Mode Ultrasound?
It is a brightness mode ultrasound, it shows the strength of the echo and can do cross-section of anatomy
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19
What are the planes that ultrasound is done on?
Long Axis and Short Axis
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20
What types of reflection can you get with ultrasound?
Hyperechoic, hypoechoic, anechoic
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21
Hyperechoic definition
Reflect all
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22
Hypoechoic definition
Reflect half
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23
Anechoic definition
Reflect none
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24
Gradient of Ultrasound

White → Black

Gas>Bone>Tissue>Fluid

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