echoes of the jazz age by f Scott fitzgerald

lit 4

when was echoes of the jazz age made

1931

writer Katherine Anne Porter experimented with

new forms of narrative perspective, rejecting classical forms and methods

some writers sought to expand (blank) by dispensing with the artificial distinction between “blank” and “blank” forms of art and by incorporating other forms of media into their work, such as (blank) and (Blank)

the literary imagination; high-brow; low-brow;photography and film

who focuses on themes and characters that are typiclaly left out of high literary cultrue

hart crane in his poem “chaplinesque”

who aggressively went against the traditional values of the previous generations and challenged long-held beliefs about what was counted as “obscene” and satirizing what they perceived to be hollow moral codes of the bourgeois middle class

journalist H. L. mencken

ezra pound famous words

“make it new”

who brought the structures of folk styles like blues and new styles like jazz to mainstream americans

langston hughes

who recorded and honored cultures as they appears in their own communities

sterling brown and zora Neale hurston

feminist writers that used literature to question patriarchal norms (3)

hurston, Georgia Douglas Johnson, Edna st Vincent millay

fitzgerald published his short stories in the

saturday evening post and esquire

which essay of fitzgerald talks about the anxieties and frustrations that can consume a writer as well as the degree to which singular, transformative events can come to be repeated over and over in an author’s work

one hundred false starts (1933)

what essay talks about excessive spending and poor financial decisions

how to live on $36k a year (1924)

“how to live on $36k a year” is a clever, ironic (blank)

self-reflection

when Fitzgerald and Zelda first became broke because of their extravagent lifestyle and was facing bills from (hotel), him and his wife adopted a strategy of (blank)

plaza hotel; denial

what does Fitzgerald say in “how to live on 36k a yr” that displays his irony

he talks about how he wasn’t poor because he was living in the best hotel in new York not at a small remote room and eating rotisserie on the corner

irony part: it’s not impossible to be out of money and Fitzgerald knew he was

fitzgerald focalized the narration through

his past self → presenting thoughts at the time the events are depicted

fitzgerlad including his past self’s exaggerated disbelief in “how to live on 36k” suggests that he recognizes the

naviety of his past self → criticism of the freewheeling financial excesses encouraged during the 1920s

the only lesson Fitzgerald learned from being broke was (blank) and that the worst he can do is (blank) which would have made (name) turn over in his grave

money would turn up somewhere in time of need; borrow; Benjamin frnaklin

his nonfiction offers a glimpse into his

perosnality how he was aware and sometimes critical of his reputations and flaws

fitzgerald’s nonfiction writing and letters are often (3 adj)

thoughtful, self-deprecating, hesitant

portarit of fitzgerald taken by who and whne

carl van vechten in June 4, 1937

it is too soon to write Abt the jazz age with (blank) and without being suspected of premature (blank)

perspective; premature arteriosclerosis

fitzgerlad says that the jazz age has already become culturally outdated like the (blank) in (yr)

yellow nineties (1890s) in 1902

the jazz age began around the time of the (blank) in (yr)

may day riots in 1919

may day riots

demobilized country boys gaping at orators in Madison square

we didn't remember anything about the (blank) until Mencken began plugging it but we did know that such tyranny belonged in the jittery little countries of (region)

bill of rights; south europe

if (blank) men had this effect on the govt, then maybe we had gone to war for (name)’s loans

goose-livered; j. p morgan

because we were tired of (blank) there was no more than a short outbreak of (blank), typified by (name)’s (book)

great causes; moral indignation; dos passos’s; three soldiers

the newspapers made melodrama out of such stories as (blank) or (blank)

harding and the Ohio gang or sacco and vanzetti

the evnts of 1919 left us (blank) rather than (blank)

cynical; revolutionary

in spite of the fact that now we are all rummaging around in our trunks wondering where we left the (blank) and the (blank)

liberty cap and moujik blouse

characteristic of the jazz age

no politic interest at all

1920s was an age of 4 things

miracles, art, excess, satire (SAME)

a (blnak) squirming to blackmail in a lifelike way, sat upon the throne of the US like a

stuffed shirt; stylish young man hurried over to represent to use the throne of england

americans ordering suits in (place), the (street) tailors perforce agreed to match their cut to the American (blank) figure and (blank) taste

london; the bond street; long-waisted figure; loos-fitting

during the reinaissance, (name) looked to (city) to trim his leg

francis the first; florence

(centruy) (country) aped the court of (country), the # years ago the (blank) bought his civilian clothes in london

17th century England; france; 50 yrs; German guards officer

a gentelmen’s clothes have become a symbol of

the power that man must hold and that passes from race to race

as far back as (yr) the unchaperoned young people of the smaller cities had discovered the mobile privacy of that automobile given to young (name) at (age) to make him ”blank”

1915; bill; 16; self-reliant

as early as (yr) there were references to such sweet and casual dalliance in any number of the (blank) or the (blank)

1917; yale record; Princeton tiger

when was the peak of the younger generation

1922

the sequel after 1922 (peak of jazz age) was like

a children’s party taken over by the elders, leaving the children puzzled and rather neglected

it had never been part of the wisdom of (blank) and (blank) to let young girls go unchaperoned at (age) and (age)

france and Spain; 16 and 17

by (yr) elders have discovered that young liquor will take the place of young blood

1923

jazz has first meant what then what then what

sex, dancing, music

rich righteousness had always been able to buy honest and intelligent servants to free the slaves or the (blank)

cubans

what does fitzgerlad compare jazz to, when associating to with nervous stimulation?

big cities behind the lines of a war

in fitzgerald’s view, the social attitude of the movie producers of the jazz age was

timid, behind the time time, banal

fitzgerald characterizes the youth of the jazz age as

the wildest of all generations

old people assure each other in the apartment hotels of (state) and (state) and (state)

new york, Boston, washington

granddaughters pass the copy of (blank) around the boarding school and if they get about at all, know the taste of (blank) or (blank) at (age)

lady chatterley’s lover; gin; corn; 16

the generation who reached maturity between (yr and yr) continue to believe what they want to believe

1875 and 1895

(name) in (movie); promptly the Hollywood hacks ran the theme into its cinematographic grave

clara bow; flaming youth

throughout the jazz age the movies got no farther than (name)

mrs jiggs

urproar when in (yr) grandmother of # tossed away their crutches and took lessons in the (dance) and the (dance)

1912; 40; tango; castle-walk

a dozen years later a woman might pack the (blank) with her other affairs as she set off for (country) or (state), but (blank) was too busy flogging dead horses in (blank) stables of his own creation to notice

green hat; europe; new York; Savonarola; augean

by (yr) the universal preoccupation with (blank) had become a nuisance

1926; sex

what does Fitzgerald remember happening to his wife

a happily married young mother asked his wife how to have an affair

young girls from finishing-schools packed the galleries to hear about the romance of being a (blank) and (name) protested

lesbian; george Jean nathan

one young producer lost his head entirely, drank what and went to the (blank)

drank a beauty’s alcoholic bath-water; penitentiary

(name) was as (news) hinted about “to cook and sizzle AND FRY!” in the electric chair

ruth Snyder; the daily news

gay elements of society divided into two main stream and one smaller one

pal beach and deauville; summer riviera

from (yr-yr) the great yrs of the cap d’antibes

1926-1929

americans were getrting

soft

how was America getting soft

we were no longer athletic people like the british

1) we still won Olympic games but with champions whose names had few vowels in them—teams composed like the fighting Irish combination of Notre dame

2) when french became interested, Davis cup gravitated toward their intensity

3) gold had seemed very strenuous of late

by (yr) a wide-spread neurosis began to be evident

1927

how did fitzgerald’s friends died (6)

1) classmate killed his wife and himself on long island

2) one tumbled “accodnetly” from a skyscraper in philadelphia

3) purposely fell off sycscarper in new york

4) killed in a speakeasy in chicago

5) beaten to death in speakeasy in new York and crawled home to Princeton club to die

6) skull crushed by maniac’s axe in an insane asylum

in the (season of year), something bright and alien flashed across the sky

spring of 27

fitzgerald and his wife were arrested on (blank) because of the subscription of being the “blank”

queensborough bridge; bob-haired bandit

there was the phase of the (blank), (blank), and (blank)

necking parties, leopold-loeb murder, john held clothes

how did clothes changes

went from one-piece to pajamas to skirts as people became fat and unfit

positions of highest importance and responsibility were only paid $ or $ a year

5 or 6k

people you didn’t want to know said

“yes, we have no bananas”

fitzgerald explains how at the beginning of the end for the period began when

older generations began to take part in the social revolutions that were too risky and radical —> described as a feeling when “children’s party taken over by elders”

when older generations disapproved of the actions of younger generations, the enjoyment of those things was amplified but then once the gatekeepers started to like the same things, the thrill was lost

jazz age was primarily about

taste: young people can cultivate new styles and customs

fitzgerald refers to the loss of thrill because old people started liking the stuff as

commodification of the period’s “blatant superficialities”

what does Fitzgerald point out

the periods produced important works of art and new sets of aesthetic attitudes/interests

he felt that jazz age writers had ultimately done something truly revolutionary by developing what he calls a

living literature

in the essays conclusion what does he admit

there was always something absurd about the styles and attitudes of the era

the period’s excess were fueled by unsutaibles amounts of economic growth and speculation, with many living on “blank” on top of a “blank”

borrowed time; flimsy structure

fitzgerald beloved what (kind of a summary point)

jazz age was empty and flawed but it did produce beautiful new art that pushed boundaries and it did have profound ideas at the start before they became commercialzied

fitzgelerald ends the essay by

trying to redeem part of the jazz age by recapturing feelings of glitz and glamor, the ideas that existed before becoming overly commercliazed

fitzgerald never does what in “echoes of the jazz age”

apolgize for the jazz age or minimize his role in popularizing its trends/themes

beneath the parties and dancing and drinking there existed something real, a “quote” that genuinely seemed to be preparing the way for new forms of freedom

ghostly rumble among the drums

unemployed people in NYC wait to register for # federal relief jobs during the great depression

90k