AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: Unit 4 vocab part 2

Political Geography

The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes.

adminstered boundary

enforcement of a boundary by government or people

antecedent boundary

a boundary line established before the area in question is well populated

choke point

a strategic, narrow waterway between two larger bodies of water

consequent boundary

a boundary line that coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language

demilitarized zone

an area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers or contending groups forbid military installations, activities or personnel.

failed state

a state whose political or economic system has become so weak that the government is no longer in control.

Maritime Boundaries

a conceptual means of division of the water surface of the planet into maritime areas that are defined through surrounding physical geography or by human geography

Relic Boundaries

Old political boundaries that no longer exist as international borders, but that have left an enduring mark on the local cultural or environmental geography.

Subsequent Boundaries

Boundary line established after an area has been settled that considers the social and cultural characteristics of the area

superimposed boundary

a boundary line placed over and ignoring an existing cultural pattern

East/West Divide

geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communist and socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia

North/South Divide

The economic division between the wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Japan and Australia and the generally poorer countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

African Union

Organization of African states that encourages economic growth and political stability

Artic Council

An organization consisting of 8 Artic Sates that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic.

Association of SE Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Established in 1967, is a political and economic union of 10 member states in Southeast Asia with the purpose of accelerating the economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region

Irredentism

the doctrine that a region should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related

European Union

An international organization comprised of European countries promoting free trade amongst its members after World War II

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Agreement that created a free-trade area among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

International organization created to form a military alliance between the western, democratic countries during the Cold War, Includes USA and Western Europe

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

international economic organization whose members all produce and export oil

United Nations

A global supranational organization established at the end of World War II to foster international security and cooperation

Democratization

trending toward democracy

Domino Theory

the idea that if a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also fall under communist control

Law of the Sea

Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.

Territoriality

An attempt to affect, influence, or control actions, interactions, or access by asserting/attempting to enforce control over a specific geographic area.

territorial dispute

Any dispute over land ownership

Electoral College

a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.

electoral vote

The decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views of that elector's state.

popular vote

the tally of each individual's vote within a given geographic area

Reapportionment

the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census

Redistricting

The drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes.

voting districts

a geographical area which is represented by a seat or numerous seats in a legislative body such as a parliament or congress