Basic Investigations in Haematology Lecture 1 - Haemoglobin Estimation Flashcards

Flashcards to help review key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on Haemoglobin Estimation.

Manual techniques are less expensive with regard to __ and reagents but are labour intensive.

equipment

Automated techniques allow for quick performance of a large number of __ by a smaller number of staff within a short period.

blood counts

__ techniques are more precise and accurate than manual methods once calibrations are done properly.

Automated

Estimating Hb content of blood can help __ and its severity.

detect anemia

Estimating Hb content can __ the Hb level following treatment.

monitor

__ refers to the estimation or measurement of haemoglobin content/concentration in the blood.

Haemoglobinometry

The haemoglobin concentration (Hb) of blood may be estimated by measurement of its _.

colour

The haemoglobin concentration (Hb) of blood may be estimated by determination of its power of combining with __ or carbon monoxide.

oxygen

The haemoglobin concentration (Hb) of blood may be estimated by analysis of its __ content(0.347g iron = 100g of haemoglobin).

iron

Routinely used methods are all __ or light-intensity matching techniques.

colour

__ methods are light-intensity matching techniques, which also measure, to a varying extent, any methaemoglobin (Hi) or sulphaemoglobin (SHb) that may be present.

colour

Haemiglobincyanide (Cyanmethaemoglobin) technique uses a filter __ or direct read-out meter (spectrophotometer).

colorimeter

__ haemiglobincyanide (HiCN) standards are available to calibrate instruments.

stable

Haemiglobincyanide technique uses a diluting fluid called the __ reagent.

Drabkin’s

In Non-Dilution Techniques, blood is collected into a single-use __ or other sampling device.

microcuvette

In Non-Dilution Techniques, the microcuvette is internally coated with reagent (__ and sodium azide)

sodium nitrite

The reagent in the microcuvette converts the haemoglobin to a form (__) which can be read in a direct read-out meter.

azidemethaemoglobin

Examples of Non-Dilution Techniques include the Developing Health Technology (DHT) __ and the HaemoCue system.

Haemoglobinometer

Direct read-out haemoglobin meters have built-in __ and a scale calibrated for direct reading of haemoglobin concentration in g/dl or g/l.

filters

Direct read-out haemoglobin meters are generally based on the __ method.

oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2)

The Visual comparative technique Employs simple clinical devices that compare the __ of blood against a range of colours representing haemoglobin concentrations

colour

The Visual comparative technique is intended for __ in the absence of laboratory facilities.

anaemia screening

An example of Visual comparative technique includes the __ Colour scale.

WHO

In the Haemiglobincyanide/Cyanmethaemoglobin method, Whole blood is diluted 1 in 201 or 251 in a modified __ solution.

Drabkin’s

In the Haemiglobincyanide/Cyanmethaemoglobin method, the red cells are lysed and the haemoglobin is oxidized by the ferricyanide to __.

methaemoglobin (Hi)

In the Haemiglobincyanide/Cyanmethaemoglobin method, the Hi is in turn converted to stable __, HiCN .

haemiglobincyanide

The absorbance of the HiCN solution is read in a spectrophotometer at wavelength of __ nm or in a filter colorimeter using a yellow-green filter.

540

The HiCN method measures oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2), __ as well as carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO)

Methaemoglobin (Hi)

This method does not measure __ (SHb).

sulphaemoglobin

For the Test Procedure, the Sample required is __ anticoagulated venous blood or capillary blood.

EDTA

In the Test Procedure, leave the diluted blood at room temperature, protected from sunlight, for __ minutes.

4-5

For the Test Procedure, __ the colorimeter with Drabkin’s fluid and read the absorbance of the patient’s sample.

Zero (Blank)

Always put on the __ or spectrophotometer to warm up for at least 15 minutes before use.

colorimeter

Mix __ well before pipetting.

blood samples

Place the __ correctly in the cuvette holder of the colorimeter (with transparent side facing the light source)

cuvette

Mix blood/ __ reagent solution thoroughly before taking absorbance readings.

Drabkins

Daily quality control includes Preserved __ (known Hb).

whole blood

Daily quality control includes Stable control __ (Hb known).

haemolysate

Daily quality control includes __ (in the absence of preserved whole blood or control haemolysate)

HiCN

Examine __ reagent for colour change or turbidity.

Drabkin’s

Monthly QC includes Check the __ of Drabkin’s reagent.

pH

Haemiglobincyanide standard are Usually available (commercially) in __ with a volume of 10 – 25 ml.

ampoules

The concentration of the Haemiglobincyanide standard is usually between __ mg/l (55-85 mg%).

550-850

Ready-to-use diluted HiCN standards Come in concentrations of: 30 g/l, __ g/l and 180 g/l

115

The original Drabkin’s reagent had a pH of _.

8.6

ICSH recommended Drabkin’s reagent has a pH of __.

7.0 – 7.4

pH of Drabkin’s Fluid must be checked with a __ at least once in a month.

pH meter

When the Drabkin’s solution is measured against water as a blank in a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 540 nm, the __ must be zero.

absorbance

The Drabkin’s solution must be stored in a __ container.

light-opaque

If the ambient temperature is higher than __ 0C, the Drabkin’s solution should be stored in the refrigerator.

30

The Drabkin’s Fluid reagent must be discarded if it becomes __.

turbid